Dlium

Glagah putih or giant reed ( Arundo donax ) is a species of plant in the Poaceae, tall perennial reeds, long erect reeds, hard and woody, hollow, growing to form dense colonies in moist, riparian, freshwater and saltwater habitats. A. donax grows to a height of 6-10 meters and a stem diameter of 2-3 cm. The leaves are elongated, gray or green or white, alternate, 30-60 cm long, 2-6 cm wide, pointed at the tip and have a tuft of hairs at the base. Flowers have erect feathers, 40-60 cm long and have seeds or without seeds. Most reproduce vegetatively with hard and fibrous underground rhizomes, spreading and penetrating up to 1 meter into the soil. Giant reed adapts to a variety of ecologies from heavy clay to loose sand and gravel soil, contaminated with arsenic, cadmium and lead. The species has two varieties, Arundo donax var. donax and Arundo donax var. versicolor. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Liliopsida Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Subfam...

Kluwak or keluak or kepayang or black spice ( Pangium edule ) is a species of plant in the Achariaceae, a large tree, 60 meters high, 120 cm diameter trunk, large leaves, large and poisonous fruit, grows wild and semi-wild, producing ingredients for cooking a number of dishes. P. edule has cylindrical, upright, branched stems and reddish-brown or whitish bark. Leaves oval or heart shaped, long stalk, green, rounded tip, flat margin, a main vein in the middle with many small pinnate veins. The fruit is large, has a stalk, oval in shape with a tapered tip and base. Hard skin, rough surface and brown. Flesh is white or yellow. Seeds are large, flat, round, hard skin, brown, white inside. The seeds are used as a spice which gives it a dark brown color. Dyes can be substituted for synthetic dyes such as Chocolate Brown FH and Chocolate Brown HT. Unripe seeds are highly toxic and contain high concentrations of cyanide. The seeds are safe for food after boiling. TAXON : Kingdom: Plantae...

Congkok or palm grass ( Molineria capitulata ) is a species of plant in the Hypoxidaceae, herbaceous annual, hairy or glabrous, thick rhizomes, growing on moist and shady slopes in primary and secondary forests at elevations up to 2000 meters. M. capitulata has radical and elongated leaves up to 1.5 meters long, stalks up to 1 meter long, lined to nearly elliptical, elliptical blades, 30-150 cm long and 5-15 cm wide. Inflorescence in racemus, 2.5-7 cm, peduncle 7-30 cm long and finely haired to glabrous when fruiting. Bractea 1-6 cm, brownish, when fruiting hairy to bald. Flowers yellow, hairy and subsessile. The length of the perianthium tube is 1-4 mm and the lobes are 6-8 mm long. Fruit fleshy, berry and indehiscent or irregularly dehiscent, 10-15 mm long, whitish to green, pulp white, not so sweet. Seeds are few, black and slightly rounded. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Liliopsida Order: Asparagales Family: Hypoxidaceae Genus: Molineria...

Kedongdong or English plum ( Spondias dulcis ) is a species in the Anacardiaceae, a tree 20 meters tall, erect stem with many branches, bark whitish brown or reddish, fruit eaten fresh or processed into a variety of dishes. S. dulcis has pinnate leaves, 20-60 cm long, consisting of 9-25 leaflets, green and glossy, elliptical or obovate-oblong and 9-10 cm long. Flowers are white and small in terminal panicles. Fruit oblong, 6-9 cm long, in bunches with 12 or more items on long stalks. The fruit falls to the ground while still green and firm, then turns golden yellow when ripe. Young leaves are used as a spice for Pepes. The more ripe leaves are eaten as salad greens despite the sour taste. The fruit can be eaten raw with shrimp paste, thick, black, salty-sweet sauce. Often also used as juice. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Sapindales Family: Anacardiaceae Subfamily: Spondiadoideae Genus: Spondias Species: Spondias dulcis

Elephant ear ( Xanthosoma robustum ) is a species of plant in the Araceae, 0.4-1.5 m tall, stemless and not woody, has 2-5 leaves with stems of plain green or purplish stripes, flowers in the middle and grow to form a colony. X. robustum has ovate or oblong leaves with tapered or rounded tips, green and shiny upper side, sometimes purplish around the stem, bright green or pale underside. Flowers come in cobs in the axils of leaves and have stalks. The sheath is green or yellow or white and falls off. Leaves, stems and tubers are used as animal feed and carp. Shield-shaped and wide leaves are often used as head protection when it rains, food wrappers and live fish containers. TAXON Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Liliopsida Order: Alismatales Family: Araceae Subfamily: Aroideae Tribe: Caladieae Genus: Xanthosoma Schott in H.W.Schott & S.L.Endlicher, Melet. Bot.: 19 (1832) Species: Xanthosoma robustum Schott in Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 3: 3...

Trembesi or rain tree or monkey pod tree or Albizia saman ( Samanea saman ) is a species of plant in the Fabaceae, a large tree, 30-40 meters high, 4.5 meters in diameter, tree crown 40-60 meters, irregularly shaped trunk, sometimes bent and swollen big. S. saman has compound leaves with stalks about 7-15 cm long, 4-5 cm wide, dark green in color, the lower surface is velvety and soft. The leaves will fold when it rains and at night. Flowers are white and bright red spots on the top, 10 cm long from base to tip. The crown tube is 3.7 cm long and has 20-30 stamens 3-5 cm long. Nectar for insects are very fond of. The pods are straight, slightly curved, 10-20 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide and 0.6 cm thick. The fruit is dark brown when ripe. Seeds embedded in reddish-brown flesh, very sticky, sweet containing 5-25 seeds with a length of 1.3 cm. Trembesi absorbs 28.5 tons of carbon dioxide every year which an ordinary tree absorbs only 1 ton in a 20 year lifetime. This tree is also able to ...

Sengon buto or elephant ear tree ( Enterolobium cyclocarpum ) is plant species in Fabaceae, medium to large sized tree, 25-35 m high, 3.5 m trunk diameter, umbrella-shaped crown, dry season dropping all leaves and circular pods. E. cyclocarpum has light gray bark with reddish brown vertical fissures. Young trees it has a characteristic reddish hue. Older specimens often show damaged, flaky or scarred bark. Bipinnate compound leaves, 15-40 cm long, 17 cm wide, 2-6 cm petiole, 4-15 pairs of pinnae, each pinna having 40-70 leaflets. Leaflets slender, oblong, 8-15 mm long by 2-4 mm wide. Petioles show small oval glands. This tree is evergreen or sheds briefly in 1-2 months during dry season. Most of the leaves fall in December or the start of the dry season. In late February, a growth spurt begins that reshapes the fresh, thick crown in April. Simultaneously with the renewal of the leaves is the appearance of spherical inflorescences (3 cm) in the axils of new leaves. Supported by a ...

Garis bamboo ( Bambusa heterostachya ) is a species of plant in Poaceae, bamboo shoots are slender and triangular in shape, green midrib with yellow stripes covered with black hairs, striped midrib ears and erect midrib leaves. G. heterostachya has erect reeds, 18-23 meters high, 6-10 cm in diameter, 6-9 mm thick walls, 37-42 cm long segments, plain segments, young reeds are bright green and covered with white wax, old reeds dark green and yellow stripes. The reed sheath does not fall off easily, the adaxial surface is glabrous, light brown and covered with brown or black hairs on the abaxial surface, 10-14 cm long and 11-15 cm wide. The ears of the reed midrib are rounded, slightly sticking out, 7-8 mm high and the kejur feathers have a length of 8-9 mm. Serrated ligula with a length of 2-3 mm, hairs 4-6 mm long, reed midrib leaves erect, triangular with a narrow base, 5-6 cm long, 4-4.5 cm wide. Branching consists of 3-10 points on each internode with one lateral branch large...

Common pierrot ( Castalius rosimon ) is a species of animal in the Lycaenidae, a small butterfly, the wings are predominantly white with black plots, the margins have a black band with a curved zig-zag back, the lower hind wings have a black tail thread with white tip C. rosimon has black antennae with white rings and tips. The male has a white head and between the eyes. Palpi, chest and abdomen white with black alternating and bordered by white on the sides. The female is similar to the male but with the black markings on the top and bottom wider. The common pierrot spends its time in bushes, riverbanks, open forests in karst ecosystems and lots of sun. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Hexapoda Class: Insecta Subclass: Pterygota Order: Lepidoptera Superfamily: Papilionoidea Family: Lycaenidae Subfamily: Polyommatinae Tribe: Polyommatini Subtribe: Castaliina Genus: Castalius Species: Castalius rosimon Subspecies: Castalius rosimon ssp. rosimon, Castalius rosimon ssp...

Orchid tree ( Bauhinia purpurea ) is a species of plant in the Fabaceae, deciduous tree and small to medium sized, 5.2 m tall, bark grayish brown, branched, grows wild as a shrub on dry land and is adaptable to many soil types. B. purpurea has leaves with a width and length of 10-20 cm, rounded, the base and tip have two lobes and the surface is green. Flowers bright red, fragrant and five petals. The pods are 30 cm long and contain 12-16 seeds. Orchid tree grows well in tropical and subtropical climates with an elevation of 500-2000 meters, breeds generatively and vegetatively, usually planted as a greenery on the side of the road, living fence or living wild in the bush. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Subfamily: Cercidoideae Tribe: Bauhinieae Genus: Bauhinia Species: Bauhinia purpurea

Arrowleaf elephant's ear ( Xanthosoma sagittifolium ) is a plant species in Araceae, 0.4 to 1.5 m high, has no stem and is not woody, waxy leaves, important tuber producers where corm that grows underground is a source of carbohydrates and cultivated since ancient times. X. sagittifolium has 2-5 leaves with green stems, dark green or purplish stripes, 23-150 cm long and the base is a midrib. Leaves have a size of 6.60x7.53 cm, round eggs, oval with tapered ends, sometimes purplish in color around the stalks, waxy and rounded base. This species grows in tropical rain forests, in the shade of the forest canopy, but can grow well in open agricultural land with full sun. Generally in the lowlands and requires daily temperatures above 21C. Rainfall is 1400 mm/year, but prefers 2000 mm/year which is evenly distributed throughout the year. Although resistant to salty soils, Xanthosoma cannot tolerate flooding and requires well-drained soil. Shade level and soil water content affect th...

White teak or Kashmir tree ( Gmelina arborea ) is a species of plant in the Lamiaceae, a large tree with a straight, cylindrical trunk, branched, hardwood, white bark, mainly used for the production of high quality wood. G. arborea has heart-shaped leaves, length about 27 cm, width about 21 cm, margins flat, base flat, tip pointed, a large vein in the middle with many small pinnate veins, green on top and pale green underside and stalk length about 27 cm. Flowering and fruiting every year. The fruit ripens in 1.5 months after flowering. The fruit is round, fleshy, 20-35 mm long, shiny skin, soft mesocarp, slightly sweet taste. The seeds are very hard like stones, 16-25 mm long, smooth surface and green or yellow in color, one end is round, the other is pointed, 4 spaces, 1000 stone seeds weigh 400 grams. TAXON Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Lamiales Family: Lamiaceae Subfamily: Premnoideae Genus: Gmelina L. in Sp. Pl.: 62...

Dingy bushbrown ( Mycalesis perseus ) is an animal species in the Nymphalidae, a solitary butterfly and rarely in large flocks, dark brown color, ornate circles on the wing margins, lives in primary forest, secondary forest and agricultural land. M. perseus has brown eyes, brown palps with white laterals. Antenna is brown. Thorax brown. Abdomen brown. The wingspan is 4.2-4.5x2-2.2 cm. Dorsal: forewing and hindwing dark brown to pale, along hindwing tornus with termen to apex and white stripe. Ventral: forewing and hindwing have the same color as the dorsal. Dingy bushbrown has at least seven subspecies. Lives in primary forest habitats, open forests, plantation and agricultural savanna with undergrowth and shrubs in the lowlands up to an elevation of 1000 meters. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Hexapoda Class: Insecta Subclass: Pterygota Order: Lepidoptera Superfamily: Papilionoidea Family: Nymphalidae Subfamily: Satyrinae Tribe: Satyrini Subtribe: Mycalesina Genus...

Common tagasta ( Tagasta marginella ) is a species of animal in the Pyrgomorphidae, grasshoppers are small, green or brown or gray or reddish in color, pointed at the front end, short black antennae, large hind legs and square in shape. T. marginella has a pointed anterior segment ending in a pair of antennae which are short, cylindrical, sturdy, segmented and black. A pair of large eyes, oval in shape and white or yellow or black or blue or red. The abdomen is cylindrical in shape and is the same length as the back knee. The hind legs are large, cylindrical or square in shape with sharp corners and the same color as the body. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Hexapoda Class: Insecta Subclass: Pterygota Order: Orthoptera Suborder: Caelifera Infraorder: Acrididea Superfamily: Pyrgomorphoidea Family: Pyrgomorphidae Subfamily: Pyrgomorphinae Tribe: Tagastini Genus: Tagasta Species: Tagasta marginella

Dumortier's liverwort ( Dumortiera hirsuta ) is a species of plant in the Dumortieraceae, growing vines and attached to the surface of soil and rock, soft, dark green in color, grows to form colonies on slopes and rocks. Gametophyte in the form of frondose or thallus which is dorsiventral, thin, soft, dichotomous branching, dark green to yellowish green and arranged overlapping. Dorsal have female sexual reproductive organs or archegonia that sit on stalks at the terminal and hairs on the upper surface of the receptacle. The ventral thallus has rhizoids. Dumortier's liverwort colonizes slopes and vertical moist, shady soils, soil or rock substrates on the outer cave walls, granite surfaces with dripping water near waterfalls and banks of swift streams, rocks below the surface of the water. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Marchantiophyta Class: Marchantiopsida Order: Marchantiales Family: Dumortieraceae Genus: Dumortiera Species: Dumortiera hirsuta Varities: Dumortiera hirsuta va...

Showy spider flower ( Cleoserrata speciosa ) is a species of plant in the Cleomaceae, annual herb with erect stems and compound leaves, elliptical, alternately arranged, 2-16 cm long, green, with a central main vein with many pinnate veins. C. speciosa has many flowers at the end of the stem, overgrown with erect and conspicuous racemes. Each flower has a small leaf-like bract. Flowers have four petals, inverted lanceolate, pink to white, 2.8-3.8 cm long. Flowers have six stamens on filaments that are 3-6 cm long. The fruit is a linear capsule up to 8 cm long on a long stalk. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Brassicales Family: Cleomaceae Genus: Cleoserrata Species: Cleoserrata speciosa

Common four-ring ( Ypthima huebneri ) is a species of animal in the Nymphalidae, a gray butterfly with light and dark tinges, ornate circles, changing color every dry and rainy season, spending time in shrubs and low trees. Y. huebneri has a gray body and a striped chest. The abdomen is cylindrical in shape and has internodal folds. The eyes are gray. A pair of antennae have alternating gray and white colors. The legs are gray. The front wings have a gray or cream or brownish or blackish tint with dark and light undertones. The top side is darker and the bottom side is lighter. A large light and dark ring with a blue dot in the middle. The rear wings have a gray or cream or brownish or blackish tint with dark and light undertones. The top side is darker and the bottom side is lighter. The bottom side has four light and dark colored rings with a blue dot in the middle, the bottom side has 4-5 rings. The larvae are 25 mm long, green in color with a slightly dark dorsal stripe that tur...

Mung bean ( Vigna radiata ) is a species of plant in the Fabaceae, herbaceous, climbing or upright, 15-125 cm long, lateral root system, branching stems, sometimes twisted at the ends, young stems are purple or green, mature stems are grayish yellow or chocolate. V. radiata has ovate or broadly ovate leaves, the cotyledons die after emergence and ternate leaves are produced on two single leaves. Leaves are 6-12 cm long and 5-10 cm wide. Racema with yellow flowers in the axils and tips of the leaves with 10-25 flowers per pedicel. Fruits are pods, elongated cylindrical or flat cylindrical, usually 30-50 pods per plant. The pods are 5-10 cm long, 0.4-0.6 cm wide and contain 12-14 seeds separated by a septum, green or yellow or brown or blue and cylindrical or round in shape. Germination usually occurs in 4-5 days, but the actual rate varies according to the amount of moisture. It is epigeal in shape with the stem and cotyledons emerging from the seedbed. Ripening up to 60 days. Thi...

Areca palm ( Areca catechu ) is a species of plant in the Arecaceae, monocots, straight stems, slender, up to 25 meters high, up to 15 cm in diameter, widely used for snacks, sweets, pharmaceuticals, household appliances and handicrafts. A. catechu has a tubular leaf midrib with a length of 80 cm and a short petiole. Strands up to 80 cm long, leaflets 85x5 cm with torn and serrated ends. Flower heads with elongated spathas, easy to fall off, appear under the leaves, about 75 cm long, short stalks and double branches, tip axis up to 35 cm long. One female flower at the base, about 1.5 cm long, 6 stamens and green. The male flowers are arranged in 2 rows embedded in grooves, 4 mm long and white and yellow. Buni fruit is oval inverted, elongated, red-orange, 3.5-7 cm long and has fibrous fruit walls. A seed and egg-shaped. This plant grows well on deep soil solum without rock layers, lateric soil types, red clay and alluvial. Rainfall 750-4,000 mm/year with wet months between 3-6 mont...