Dlium

Sesame ( Sesamum indicum ) is a plant species in the Pedaliaceae family. It is an annual herb that typically grows to a height of 50–100 cm (though it can reach 2–3 meters). The leaves are arranged oppositely with entire (smooth) margins; those at the base are broadly lanceolate—up to 5 cm wide—while the leaves on the flowering stems are narrower, measuring about 1 cm in width. The flowers are tubular, 2.5–3 cm long, and range in color from white to pink or purple. S. indicum produces a capsule-like fruit, usually covered in fine hairs, measuring 2–3 cm in length and 0.6–1.2 cm in width; each capsule contains four chambers (locules). The seeds are ovate and slightly flattened, tending to be thinner near the hilum than at the opposite end. They may be white or black, measure 3–4 mm in size, and have a weight of approximately 0.203 grams per 100 seeds. The plant possesses a taproot with numerous lateral roots that often form a symbiosis with VA (vesicular-arbuscular) mycorrhizae. This ...

Malay apple ( Syzygium malaccense ) is a plant species in the Myrtaceae family. It is a medium-sized tree, reaching 15 meters in height, with a straight trunk 20–45 cm in diameter, low-set branches, and a dense, rounded crown. The fruit has a flavor ranging from sweet and acidic to astringent; it can be eaten fresh or used as an ingredient in rujak (spicy fruit salad), compotes, or asinan (pickled/brined fruit). The leaves are simple, large, and arranged oppositely along thick twigs, with stiff petioles 1–2 cm in length. They are oblong or elliptic-oblong in shape, measuring 20–35 cm long and 8–15 cm wide. The upper surface is a deep, glossy dark green, covered by a thick, smooth, waxy cuticle and entirely hairless (glabrous). The underside is a dull, pale green, featuring prominent, neatly curved lateral secondary veins. The texture is very rigid and leathery (coriaceous), with entire (smooth) margins. When crushed, the leaves emit a mild, aromatic scent. The inflorescence consists...

Endive ( Cichorium endivia ) is a plant species in the Asteraceae family. It is an annual or biennial herb that grows upright, reaching heights of up to 170 cm. It possesses a taproot containing a bitter, milky sap. The plant is used as a vegetable and can be consumed cooked or raw in salads. When young, C. endivia forms a large, somewhat loosely arranged rosette of leaves. The leaves are alternate, simple or pinnatifid, sessile (lacking a petiole), broad—measuring up to 45 cm in length and 18 cm in width—and have a slightly wrinkled surface. The leaf margins can vary; in the *escarole* variety, they may be broad, while in other forms, they can be very narrow, deeply divided, or highly curled. The leaves become progressively smaller toward the top of the stem. Their surfaces may be sparsely hairy or glabrous (smooth), ranging in color from pale to dark green or yellowish, sometimes with a reddish tint along the main leaf veins. The inflorescence consists of a flower head (*capitulum*...