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False nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica)

False nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica)

False nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica) is a species of plant in the Urticaceae family, a herb or small shrub, up to 160 cm tall, usually monoecious but rarely dioecious. The leaves are paired or alternate, and the inflorescence is a spikelet with a cluster of small bracts at the tip.

B. cylindrica generally grows to a height of 50-100 cm. Spine-like hairs form in the leaf axils. The leaves are oval and up to 10 cm long and 4 cm wide.



The flowers are green or greenish-white and emerge from the upper leaf axils. Male and female flowers usually grow on separate plants. Male flowers are more numerous among the spikes in clusters. Female flowers are less evenly distributed along the spikes.

The small, oval seeds are covered with small, hook-like hairs. Ripe seeds are dark brown. The inflorescence resembles a spike and is up to 3 cm long.

This species can be found in moist to mesic deciduous forest habitats, growing abundantly along streambanks, floodplains, and lowlands. B. cylindrica is wind-pollinated, so the flowers do not attract many insects.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Rosales
Family: Urticaceae
Genus: Boehmeria Jacq. in Enum. Syst. Pl.: 9 (1760)
Species:Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. in Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occid.: 34 (1788)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Boehmeria cylindrica var. genuina Wedd. in Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 362 (1856)
Urtica cylindrica L. in Sp. Pl.: 984 (1753)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Boehmeria atrovirens Gand. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 287 (1919 publ. 1920)
Boehmeria austrina Small in Fl. S.E. U.S.: 359 (1903)
Boehmeria cylindrica var. brachystachys Wedd. (1856)
Boehmeria cylindrica f. cuneata F.Seym. in Fl. New England: 231 (1969)
Boehmeria cylindrica var. drummondiana (Wedd.) Wedd. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(1): 202 (1869)
Boehmeria cylindrica var. elatior Wedd. (1856)
Boehmeria cylindrica subvar. gymnostachya Wedd. (1856)
Boehmeria cylindrica var. littoralis (Sw.) Wedd. (1869)
Boehmeria cylindrica subvar. phyllostachya (Miq.) Wedd. (1856)
Boehmeria cylindrica var. phyllostachya (Miq.) Wedd. (1856)
Boehmeria cylindrica var. scabra Porter in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 21 (1889)
Boehmeria cylindrica var. tenerrima Blume in Mus. Bot. 2: 214 (1857)
Boehmeria cylindrica subvar. tomentosa Wedd. (1856)
Boehmeria dasypoda Miq. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 4(1): 188 (1853)
Boehmeria decurrens Small (1903)
Boehmeria drummondiana Wedd. in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 1: 201 (1854)
Boehmeria elongata Blume (1857)
Boehmeria florida Miq. (1853)
Boehmeria lateriflora Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 342 (1805)
Boehmeria littoralis Sw. in Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occid.: 34 (1788)
Boehmeria longifolia Gand. (1919 publ. 1920)
Boehmeria phyllostachya Miq. (1853)
Boehmeria phyllostachya f. glabrior Miq. (1853)
Boehmeria scabra (Porter) Small (1903)
Duretia cylindrica Gaudich. in Voy. Uranie: 500 (1830)
Duretia palustris Gaudich. (1830)
Procris lateriflora Poir. in Encycl., Suppl. 4: 554 (1816)
Procris littoralis Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 5: 628 (1804)
Ramium cylindricum Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 632 (1891)
Ramium elongatum Kuntze (1891)
Urtica capitata L. (1753)
Urtica capitata Schwein. ex Blume (1857)
Urtica distachya Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 3: 840 (1826)
Urtica filiformis Walter in Fl. Carol.: 230 (1788)
Urtica mariana Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 7 (1768)
Urtica palustris Juss. ex Pers. in Syn. Pl. 2: 552 (1807)

PUBLICATIONS

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.

Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana, ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico.

Bailey, C. & al. (2015). Guide to the Vascular Plants of Tennessee: 1-813. University of Tennessee press.

Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.

Correa A., Mireya D. Galdames, Carmen Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. S. de Stapf (2004). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Panamá: 1-599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.

Flora of North America Editorial Committee (1997). Flora of North America North of Mexico 3: 1-590. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.

Goodwin, Z.A. & al. (2013). A checklist of the vascular plants of the lowland savannas of Belize, Central America. Phytotaxa 101: 1-119.

Govaerts, R. (1996). World Checklist of Seed Plants 2(1, 2): 1-492. MIM, Deurne.

Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.

Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.

Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.

Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.

Monro, A.K., González, F., Santamaría, D., Chacón, O., Rodríguez, A., Solano, D. Zamora, N. & Correa, M. (2011). A first checklist to the vascular plants of La Amistad International Park (PILA), Costa Rica-Panama. Phytotaxa 322: 1-283.

Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

Paña-Chocarro, M.C., Espada-Mateos, C., Vera, M., Céspedes, G. & Knapp, S. (2010). Updated checklist of vascular plants of the Mbaracayú Forest Nature Reserve (Reserva Natural del Bosque Mbaracayú), Paraguay. Phytotaxa 12: 1-224.

Powell, A.M. & Worthington, R.D. (2018). Flowering plants of Trans-Pecos Texas and adjacent areas: 1-1444. BRIT Press.

Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.

VERNACULAR NAME

Chinese (simplified): 圆筒状苎麻
Chinese (traditional): 柱狀苎麻
English: False nettle, Stingless nettle, Bog hemp, Smallspike false nettle
Finnish: Amerikanrami
French: Boehméria cylindrique
Indonesia: Jelatang sungai, Sledrian
Java: Sledrian
Portuguese: Falsa urtiga
Russian: Бёмерия цилиндрическая

Aryo Bandoro
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