Teak (Tectona grandis) is a plant species in the Lamiaceae, a large tree producing high-quality and luxurious wood, straight trunk, up to 40 m high, large leaves, slow growth with low germination making natural propagation difficult and insufficient to meet demand market.
T. grandis grows in deciduous forests that lose their leaves in the dry season, stems are cylindrical, straight, up to 40 m high, 2.4 m in diameter, 18-20 m clear bole and the bark is yellowish brown.
The leaves are ovate, opposite, very short stalks, fine hairs and glandular hairs on the underside. The leaves on the tree shoots are 60-70 cm wide, 80-100 cm long and reddish green in color. The leaves on an old tree are 15 cm wide and 20 cm long.
Compound inflorescences in large panicles, 40x40 cm, containing hundreds of flowers arranged like umbrellas, located at the tip of the twig at the top of the tree. Flowers have 6-7 corolla, whitish in color and 8 mm wide.
The fruit is round, slightly flattened, 2.5 cm, coarse hair with a thick core, 2-4 seeds but generally only one grows. The fruit is covered by enlarged flower petals that inflate like small balloons.
This species can grow in areas with rainfall 1500-2000 mm/year, temperature 27-36C, pH 6-8, contains lots of calcium and phosphorus, is not stagnant water and lots of sunshine throughout the year, the ideal elevation is 0-700 meters.
The tree is a pioneer species that is fire-resistant and damage to the teak seed shell makes it easier for shoots to come out when the rainy season arrives. Wood has strength class II, durability class I-II and is resistant to termite attacks. The wood of the patio has a light brown to reddish brown color. The sapwood is white and yellowish gray.
TAXON
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Subfamily: Tectonoideae
Genus: Tectona L.f. in Suppl. Pl.: 151 (1782)
Species: Tectona grandis L.f. in Suppl. Pl.: 151 (1782)
HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS
Jatus grandis (L.f.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 508 (1891)
Theka grandis (L.f.) Lam. in Tabl. Encycl. 2: 111 (1797)
HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS
Tectona grandis f. abludens Koord. & Valeton in Bijdr. Boomsoort. Java 7: 171 (1900)
Tectona grandis f. canescens Moldenke in Phytologia 31: 28 (1975)
Tectona grandis f. pilosula Moldenke (1975)
Tectona grandis f. punctata Moldenke (1975)
Tectona grandis f. tomentella Moldenke (1975)
Tectona theca Lour. in Fl. Cochinch.: 137 (1790)
PUBLICATIONS
Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
Berendsohn, W.G., Gruber, A.K., Rodríguez Delcid, D. & Olmedo Galán, P. (2016). Nova Silva Cuscatlantica. Parte 3: Angiospermae - Familias R a Z y Gymnospermae. Englera 29(3): 1-356.
Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (2012). Flora Mesoamericana 4(2): 1-533. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
Fernandes, R. & Diniz, M.A. (2005). Avicenniaceae, Nesogenaceae, Verbenaceae and Lamiaceae (subfams, Viticoideae and Ajugoideae). Flora Zambesiaca 8(7): 1-161. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Fernandes, R.B. (2006). Contribução para o conhecimento das Avicenniaceae e Verbenaceae da Flora de Angola. Garcia de Orta, Série de Botânica 17(2): 5-68.
Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2015). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Volumen VIII. Dicotyledóneas (Sabiaceae-Zygophyllaceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 131: 1-657. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.
Karthigeyan, K., Pandey, R.P. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2023). Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2: 1-689. Botanical Survey of India. Ministry of environment, forest and climate change.
Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.
Maliya, S.D. & Datt, B. (2010). A contribution to the flora of Katarniyaghat wildlife sanctuary, Baharaich district, Uttar Pradesh. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 34: 42-68.
Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
Nurtjahya, E. & al. (2026). Flowering Plants of Bangka Island: Native and Introduced. Acta Botanica Hungarica 68: 127-156.
VERNACULAR NAME
Bengali: সগুণ Saguna
Chinese (simplified): 柚木
Chinese (traditional): 柚木 - 血樹
Czech: Teka obrovská
Danish: Teaktræ
English: Teak, Common teak
Finnish: Tiikki
French: Teck
German: Teakbaum
Hindi: सगुन - सगवान Sagun, Sagvaan
Hong Kong: 柚木
Indonesian: Jati
Japanese: チーク
Java: Jati
Kannada: Tega, Tegu, Saagavaani, Haadaga, Saguvani mara, Thega mara
Lithuanian: Didysis tikmedis
Macao: 柚木
Malayalam: Thekku
Manipuri: Chingsu
Marathi: Sag, Sagwan
Palauan: Tsik
Portuguese: Teca
Russian: Тиковое дерево
Sanskrit: Shaka, Shaak
Slovak: Tektona veľká
Spanish: Teca, Teca asiática, Sámago
Tamil: டெக்கு - தேக்கு - தனகாமரம் Tekku, Thaekku, Thanagaamaram
Telugu: Teku
Thai: สัก
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
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