Sonosiso (Dalbergia sissoo)

Sonosiso or North Indian rosewood (Dalbergia sissoo) is a fast-growing and hardwood rosewood tree. This large tree grows to a maximum height of 25 m and a diameter of 3 m, stems are often bent, rough or broken bark and light brown. D. sissoo has a coarse, compounded leaf and is about 15 cm (5.9 in) long.

The flowers are whitish to pink, fragrant, 1.5 cm long (0.59 in) in dense groups of about 5 to 10 cm long. Pods are 4-8 cm long and 1 cm wide. Each pod contains 1-5 seeds in the form of flat beans for 8-10 mm.

Sonosiso has a long taproot and many surface roots where young shoots are fine, well-established stems with light brown to dark gray and 2.5 cm (0.98 in) thick. This tree lives on average annual rainfall of only 2,000 millimeters and 3-4 months of drought. Seeds only grow in the open.

North Indian rosewood is a commercial wood species under the famous teak (Tectona grandis) class for sale internationally. Trees are planted on the roadside, along canals and as shady trees. Wood is dried in the sun for about six months or heated in a confined space for seven to fifteen days before being used as processed material.

Sonosiso is famous for making furniture, musical instruments, plywood, agricultural implements, floors and as bentwood. Core wood is yellow to dark brown, white sap becomes pale brownish white. Heartwood is durable and resistant to mold. D sissoo is known to contain dalbergichromene neoflavonoid in bark and wood core.

Tree branches are traditionally chewed as toothbrushes and then split as tongue cleansers, to treat skin disorders and gastric related problems. The ethanol extract of sonosiso fruit showed the effect of moluskicide on freshwater snail eggs Biomphalaria pfeifferi. The juice from this plant is a strong herb for mixed plaster walls.

Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Genus: Dalbergia
Species: D. sissoo

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