Exploring the wild? Don't take the tent wrong

Tents are important equipment in the wild. Some tents are now increasingly innovative, not even needing to stand on the ground, but hang on trees. Tents are widely used by soldiers in history and over time are used for recreational purposes by civilians.

Tents are home to outdoor explorers, a place to rest after traveling up a mountain, exploring the forest and along the river. Tents are also a place to protect yourself in extreme weather.

Tents generally have two coating principles for protection. The inner wall is made of breathable material or non-waterproof material and an outer wall or flysheet made of waterproof material. Both have different goals and functions.

A breathable material aimed at overcoming condensation generated by the user and some activities in the tent. Condensation occurs by the heat generated by the body or cooking activities in the tent. The inner wall made of non-waterproof material will allow the heat to come out.

Waterproof material for the outer wall is made to prevent rainwater and wind from entering the tent. This layer has a very tight structure and will not have pores or air holes. Some types of tents have both layers, but other types only have one layer and flysheet as an additional support.

Bivouac tent

Bivouacs are temporary or emergency shelter tents that are useful for shelter in bad weather. Bivouacs are usually made using a poncho raincoat.

Platoon tent

These tents have a long history and are most widely used for military missions and temporary shelters in a natural disaster. To set up this tent requires several people and this type of tent is made of materials that are very strong and accommodate many people.

Dome tent

Dome is the most popular tent. Although low capacity and not as strong as platoon tents, this type of dome tent has many advantages including compact and accommodated into backpacks. The simplest dome only weighs 2 kg and 4 kg for larger sizes.

Tree tent

This tent is a special type that is hung on a tree. A special sensation where sleeping users hang from trees. This type is very good for explorers to carry in watery environments.

Six new species forming the Sumbana species group in genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg 1798 from Indonesia

NEWS - Sumbawa longhorn ( Nemophora sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov.), Timor longhorn ( Nemophora timorella Kozlov, sp. nov.), shining shade longhorn ( Nemophora umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov.), Wegner longhorn ( Nemophora wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov.), long brush longhorn ( Nemophora longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov.), and short brush longhorn ( Nemophora brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov.) from the Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia. The Lesser Sunda Islands consist of two parallel, linear oceanic island chains, including Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba, Sawu, Timor, Alor, and Tanimbar. The oldest of these islands have been continuously occurring for 10–12 million years. This long period of isolation has allowed significant in situ diversification, making the Lesser Sundas home to many endemic species. This island chain may act as a two-way filter for organisms migrating between the world's two great biogeographic regions, Asia and Australia-Papua. The recognition of a striking cli...

Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum)

Ranti or black nightshade ( Solanum nigrum ) is a species of plant in the Solanaceae, shrub and short-lived, stems erect or lying on the ground, berries have a black color when ripe, grows in forests, agricultural land and disturbed habitats. S. nigrum has stems erect or lying at ground level, 30–120 cm (12 to 47 in) long, branched, tubular with several linear grooves forming a cone, green and white-haired. Leaves are elliptical to heart-shaped, 4-7.5 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, pinnate base, pointed or blunt tip, wavy edge or large toothed, dark green upper side, pale underside, hairy or hairless and has a stalk with a length of 1-3 cm. Flowers have greenish to whitish petals, curved when old and surrounded by bright yellow anthers. The berries are mostly 6-8 mm in diameter and are green then turn dull black or black purple or red. Black nightshade grows well with a soil pH of 5.5-6.5 and is rich in organic matter. It is difficult to grow under conditions of high temperature and high hum...

Redflower ragleaf (Crassocephalum crepidioides)

Sintrong or ebolo or thickhead or redflower ragleaf ( Crassocephalum crepidioides ) are plant species in Asteraceae, terma height 25-100 cm, white fibrous roots, generally grow wild on the roadside, yard gardens or abandoned lands at altitude 200- 2500 m. C. crepidioides has erect or horizontal stems along the soil surface, vascular, soft, non-woody, shallow grooves, green, rough surface and short white hair, aromatic fragrance when squeezed. Petiole is spread on stems, tubular and eared. Single leaf, spread out, green, 8-20 cm long, 3-6 cm wide, longitudinal or round inverted eggshell with a narrow base along the stalk. Pointed tip, flat-edged or curved to pinnate, jagged rough and pointed. The top leaves are smaller and often sit. Compound flowers grow throughout the year in humps that are arranged in terminal flat panicles and androgynous. Green cuffs with orange-brown to brick-red tips, cylindrical for 13-16 mm long and 5-6 mm wide. The crown is yellow with a brownish red...

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