Frangipani (Plumeria rubra) is a plant species in the Apocynaceae shrub or small tree with a height of 2-8 meters, thick succulent stems and blunt branches like sausages, thin and gray skin. ash, white and red flowers with a very fragrant.
P. rubra has brittle branches which, when broken, ooze a white sap and mucous membrane. Latex is toxic, but not lethal unless present in large quantities. The leaves are green, elongated oval with a sharp tip, 30-50 cm long, arranged alternately and in groups at the ends of the branches.
Terminal flowers at the ends of the branches, 5 petals, often profuse and very fragrant in the morning and evening. Flowers are bright red to white with shades of yellow in the center. Initially tubular before opening and 5-7.5 cm in diameter. The fruit is a cylindrical pod, measuring 17 cm and containing 20-60 winged seeds.
This species generally inhabits hot, rocky areas with dry to moderate rainfall where it can flower on bare branches or in more humid conditions where it can remain green. This plant is also found in rocky forests, mountain slopes and savannas with an elevation of 500-1500 meters.
This species has fulvoplumierin, an antibiotic that inhibits the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This herb has also been shown to be antifungal, antiviral, analgesic, antispasmodic and hypoglycemic. This plant is also reported to contain agoniadin, plumierid, plumeric acid, cerotinic acid and lupeol. Stems have alkaloids called triterpenoids.
Flowers are used for necklaces or tucked in the ear as an offering to the gods or as a coffin decoration. Flowers are used to make perfume, scenting coconut oil. Flowers and bark are used to treat fever, bacillary dysentery, pertussis and so on. The leaves are used for wound care and made into a soothing infusion.
These herbs have been known to improve digestion and excretion, along with respiratory and immune function. The sap is used as a laxative, a remedy for flatulence and colic. The bark is used as a laxative and to treat genital sores. The flowers are boiled in water or juice and made into salads to promote bowel movement, urine flow, control gas and phlegm. Flowers are also used in the treatment of asthma.
TAXON
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
Subfamily: Rauvolfioideae
Tribe: Plumerieae
Subtribe: Plumeriinae
Genus: Plumeria Tourn. ex L. in Sp. Pl.: 209 (1753)
Species: Plumeria rubra L. in Sp. Pl.: 209 (1753)
HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS
Plumeria rubra f. typica Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 211 (1938)
HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS
Plumeria acuminata W.T.Aiton in Hortus Kew., ed. 2. 2: 70 (1811)
Plumeria acutifolia Poir. in Encycl., Suppl. 2: 667 (1812)
Plumeria acutifolia var. gasparrinii A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 393 (1844)
Plumeria angustifolia A.DC. (1844)
Plumeria arborea Noronha in Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 5(4): 23 (1790)
Plumeria arborescens G.Don in Gen. Hist. 4: 93 (1837)
Plumeria aurantia Bosse in Vollst. Handb. Bl.-Gärtn. 2: 852 (1829)
Plumeria aurantiaca Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2. 2: 357 (1841)
Plumeria bicolor Ruiz & Pav. in Fl. Peruv. 2: 21 (1799)
Plumeria blandfordiana Lodd. ex G.Don (1837)
Plumeria carinata Ruiz & Pav. (1799)
Plumeria conspicua G.Don in J.C.Loudon, Loudon's Hort. Brit.: 68 (1830)
Plumeria gouanii D.Don ex G.Don (1837)
Plumeria incarnata Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 2 (1768)
Plumeria incarnata var. milleri (G.Don) A.DC. (1844)
Plumeria jamesonii Hook. in Bot. Mag. 79: t. 4751 (1853)
Plumeria kerrii G.Don (1837)
Plumeria kunthiana Kostel. in Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 3: 1067 (1834)
Plumeria lambertiana Lindl. in Edwards's Bot. Reg. 16: t. 1378 (1830)
Plumeria loranthifolia Müll.Arg. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 6(1): 42 (1860)
Plumeria lutea Ruiz & Pav. (1799)
Plumeria macrophylla Lodd. ex G.Don (1837)
Plumeria mariaelenae J.F.Gut. & J.Linares in Int. Cact. Advent. 69: 4 (2006)
Plumeria megaphylla A.DC. (1844)
Plumeria mexicana G.Lodd. in Bot. Cab. 11: t. 1024 (1825)
Plumeria milleri G.Don (1837)
Plumeria mollis Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 230 (1819)
Plumeria northiana Lodd. ex G.Don (1837)
Plumeria purpurea Ruiz & Pav. (1799)
Plumeria rubra f. acuminata (W.T.Aiton) Woodson (1938)
Plumeria rubra var. acuminata (W.T.Aiton) R.S.Rao & Balamani in J. Indian Bot. Soc. 63: 227 (1984)
Plumeria rubra f. acutifolia (Poir.) Woodson (1938)
Plumeria rubra var. acutifolia (Poir.) L.H.Bailey & E.Z.Bailey in Hortus Second.: 576 (1941)
Plumeria rubra f. lutea (Ruiz & Pav.) Woodson (1938)
Plumeria rubra f. tricolor (Ruiz & Pav.) Woodson (1938)
Plumeria tenuifolia Lodd. ex G.Don (1837)
Plumeria tricolor Ruiz & Pav. (1799)
PUBLICATIONS
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Aung, Y.L., Aung, M.H., Tan, Y. & Jin, X. (2025). An updated checklist of vascular plants of Myanmar. PhytoKeys 261: 135-364.
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Bernal, R., Gradstein, R.S. & Celis, M. (eds.) (2016). Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia 1-2: 1-3068. Libro impreso.
Bhellum, B.L. (2012). Flora exotica of Jammu and Kashmir (List- I). Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 36: 33-45.
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Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (2009). Flora Mesoamericana 4(1): 1-855. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia 41: 41-82.
Fosberg, F.R. & Sachet, M.-H. (1987). Flora of the Gilbert Island, Kiribati, Checklist. Atoll Research Bulletin 295: 1-33.
Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
González-Rocha, E. & Cerros-Tlatilpa, R. (2015). La familia Apocynaceae (Apocynoideae y Rauvolfioideae) an el estado de Morelos, México. Acta Botanica Mexicana 110: 21-70. Instituto de Ecología A.C.
Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Karthigeyan, K., Pandey, R.P. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2023). Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2: 1-689. Botanical Survey of India. Ministry of environment, forest and climate change.
Linares, J.L. (2003 publ. 2005). Lista comentado de los árboles nativos y cultivados en la República de El Salvador. Ceiba; a Scientific and Technical Journal Published by Zamorano 44: 105-268.
Morales, J.F. (2005). Estudios en las Apocynaceae Neotropicales XIX: La familia Apocynaceae s.str. (Apocynoideae, Rauvolfioideae) de Costa Rica. Darwiniana 43: 90-191.
Morales, J.F. (2006). Estudios en las Apocynaceae Neotropicales XXVIII: le familia Apocynaceae (Apocynoideae, Rauvolfioideae) de El Salvador, Centroamérica. Darwiniana 44: 453-489.
Morales, J.F. (2009). Estudios en las Apocynaceae neotropicales XXXIX: revisión de las Apocynoideae y Rauvolfioideae de Honduras. Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid 66: 217-262.
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Welsh, S.L. (1998). Flora Societensis: 1-420. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.
Zuloaga, F.O., Belgrano, M.J. & Zanotti, C.A. (eds.) (2021). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 19(2): 1-466. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.
VERNACULAR NAME
Afrikaans: Frangipani
Arabic: فرانجيباني
Assamese: Gulancha
Bengali: কাঠগোলাপ Kathgolop
Chinese (Simplified): 红鸡蛋花
Chinese (Traditional): 紅雞蛋花 - 雞蛋花
Danish: Frangipani
English: Frangipani, Red frangipani, Mexican plumeria, Chelilairangebard, Temple tree, Red paucipan, Red jasmine, Common frangipani, Plumeria
Filipino: Kalachuchi
Finnish: Rusotemppelipuu
French: Frangipanier rouge
Greek: Ινδικό φούλι
Guangdong: 紅雞蛋花
Hebrew: פרנג'יפאני
Hindi: गोलाइंची - गोबर चंपा - गोलाचीन - चंपा - लाल गुलाचीन Golainchi, Gobur champa, Golachin, Champa, Lal gulachin
Hong Kong: 紅雞蛋花
Indonesian: Kemboja merah, Kamboja, Kamboja Merah, Kemboja vJapanese: インドソケイ - プルメリア
Java: Kembojo, Sembojo
Kannada: Deva ganugala, Kempu devarkanigale
Kashmiri: Gul-e Cheen
Konkani: Champae
Korean: 프랜지파니
Macao: 紅雞蛋花
Malayalam: Alari, Ezhachampakam, Velachampakam
Malaysia: Kemboja, Bunga Kubur, Chempaka, Camboja
Manipuri: Khagi leihao angouba
Marathi: Chafa
Nepali: चोयाको फूल - गलैँचा Choya Phool, Galainchee
Oria: Devakanchan, Gulochi, Torato, Kath champa
Polish: Plumeria czerwona
Portuguese: Jasmim-manga, Flor-de-Santo-Antônio
Russian: Плюмерия красная
South Africa: Frangipani
Southern Africa: Frangipani
Spanish: Cacalosúchil, Flor de Mayo, Frangipani, Sacuanjoche, Frangipán, Florón, Amancayo, Flor blanca
Swedish: Frangipani
Taiwan: 紅雞蛋花 - 雞蛋花
Tamil: கல்லிமந்தாரை - மலையரளி - சம்பங்கி - நெலா சம்பங்கி Kallimandhaarai, Malaiyarali, Sampangi, Nela sampangi
Telugu: Deva ganneru, Deva kanchan, Nuruvarahaalu, Vaada ganneru
Thai: ลั่นทมแดง
Ukrainian: Плюмерія червона
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