Crown flower (Calotropis gigantea)

Biduri or sidaguri or crown flower (Calotropis gigantea) is a shrub plant in Asclepiadoideae, up to 4 meters high, generally growing in tropical and subtropical climates, growing up to 900 meters above sea level, capable of living in dry areas and high salt content.

C. gigantea has thick and rough skin, brownish brown, green twigs and may have white fur. The single leaf has a size of about 30x25 cm, pale green, elliptical with a blunt tip, arranged opposite, the surface has white hair and starchy.

Flowers come in March to October, five thick petals, measuring 1x1 cm, predominantly white and purple at the ends. The petals are surrounded by five small triangular shaped sepals, dirty white and five purple stamens. The fruit is round with a size of 15x10 cm, if it is split it will remove white tufts of hair.

Biduri has roots with a bulge at the top, hard, outer skin grayish yellow and the inside is yellowish white. If one part is slashed, it will emit runny sap that is white, chelate, smelly and poisonous.

Crown flower has several secondary metabolites including usharin, alpha and beta-calotropeol, fatty acids, tetracyclic triterpenes, giganteol, kardenolida calotropin, α-amirin, taraxasterol, β-sitosterol, α-amyrin methylbutazone, α-amirin acetate, β-amirin acetate, lupeol acetate, flavonol glycoside.

Akundarol, uscharidin, kalotropon, frugoside, kalaktin, kalotoxin, kalotropagenin, benzoilisoline-lon, benzoillineolone, flavonoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, saponins, coumarin, terpenes, alcohols, resins, kalotropeols, uzarigenin and voruscharin.

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
Subfamily: Asclepiadoideae
Tribe: Asclepiadeae
Subtribe: Asclepiadinae
Genus: Calotropis
Species: Calotropis gigantea

Korean mulberry (Morus indica)

Murbei or Korean mulberry ( Morus indica ) is a species of plant in Moraceae, shrub or small tree, up to 10 meters tall, slow growing, cylindrical stem, light brown with white nodules, M. indica has heart-shaped or oval-shaped leaves and sometimes three-lobed, 4-12.5 cm long, 2.5-7.5 cm wide, pointed tip, serrated margin, green and has a stalk. Monoecious inflorescences with male and female grow on the same tree, though often on different branches. Male flowers have a size of 9-11.5 mm and are covered with fine hairs. The female flowers are subglubose or only round in shape, measuring 6-9.5 mm. Stigma is 3.5 mm long with short, thick hair. The female flowers form compound fruit and are fleshy, green and white-haired to white, red and black when ripe. Korean mulberry is used in regulating blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Rosales Family: Moraceae Genus: Morus Species: Morus indica

Broad-handed carpenter bee (Xylocopa latipes)

Broad-handed carpenter bee ( Xylocopa latipes ) is an animal species in the Apidae, tropical wood bees, very large, strong, solitary lives and builds nests by burrowing into fallen trees to telephone poles in forests and cities with warm tropical climates. X. latipes is overall black and shiny with black wings that turn bluish or greenish or metallic purple in sunlight. A pair of large eyes and a pair of antennae have broad bases. The back has a horizontal line. The abdomen is oval in shape with segments, the margins are wide and the back has thick hair. The broad-handed carpenter bee produces a loud, distinctive low-pitched hum that can be heard in flight. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Hexapoda Class: Insecta Subclass: Pterygota Order: Hymenoptera Suborder: Apocrita Infraorder: Aculeata Superfamily: Apoidea Epifamily: Anthophila Family: Apidae Subfamily: Xylocopinae Tribe: Xylocopini Genus: Xylocopa Subgenus: Platynopoda Species: Xylocopa latipes

Malabar melastome (Melastoma malabathricum)

Senggani or malabar melastome ( Melastoma malabathricum ) is a plant species in Melastomataceae, shrubs, 0.5-5 m tall, woody stems, sympodial branches and reddish brown, scaly young branches or tightly haired, taproots and brown, widely used for materials ink and medicine. M. malabathricum has single and stemmed leaves, oval, 2-20 cm long, 1-8 cm wide, tapered, flat edges, rough and hairy surface, upper surface dark green and bright green underside. A straight bone in the middle and two curved bones on the edge. Malabar melastome blooms throughout the year, compound, clustered at the tips of branches and light purple, 3-4 cm in diameter, sticky petals, hair, short end, tapered tip, scaly protective leaves and reddish purple. The flower has 8-12 stamens, 3 cm long, pink, a pistil, potted green potted head and ovaries have 4-6 spaces. Five crowns, ovoid and bright purple. The fruit has a rough skin, dark red and has many black seeds with aryl, cup-shaped and 8 mm long. Ripe fru...

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