Skip to main content

Cassava (Manihot esculenta)

Ketela pohon or castilla or ubi kayu or singkong or cassava or Manihot utilissima (Manihot esculenta) is a tropical and subtropical annual shrub in Euphorbiaceae, widely known as a staple food producing carbohydrates and leaves as vegetables.

M. esculenta can grow as high as 7 meters and little branch, taproot with number of enlarged branch roots to be bulbs to be eaten. Root tuber has a diameter of 4-6 cm and a length of 50-80 cm depending on the cultivar, brown and reddish, the inside is white or yellowish.

Dlium Cassava (Manihot esculenta)

Cassava tubers will not last long even in the cool room. Symptoms of damage are marked in blue due to the formation of cyanide acid which is toxic to humans. Tubers are a source of energy that is rich in carbohydrates but very poor in protein. A good source of protein on leaves containing amino methionine.

Increased ketela pohon cultivation is in line with the rapid population growth and stagnation of rice and wheat production. Bulbs are an additional food source and have become one of the main foodstuffs in many of the world. Castilla can be eaten raw where the main content is starch with a little glucose so it is rather sweet.

In certain circumstances, especially when oxidized, toxic glucosides will form as cyanide acid (HCN) and give a bitter taste. Sweet bulbs have at least 20 mg HCN per kilogram while bitter tubers have at least 50 times more depending on the content of hydrocyanic acid in the roots.

Ubi kayu is cooked in various ways, widely used in a variety of dishes. Boiled to replace potatoes and complementary dishes. Cassava flour is used to replace wheat flour and is suitable for people with gluten allergies.

Leaves for fresh or cooked salads for a variety of dishes, while tuber skin for animal feed. Ubi kayu after harvesting is usually peeled to be dried under the hot sun to be processed into tapioca flour or starch as raw material for various foods, chewing gum, glue, textile industry and furniture.



Nutritional content of singkong per 100 grams includes 121 cal calories, 62.50 grams of water, 40.00 grams of phosphorus, 34.00 grams of carbohydrates, 33.00 milligrams of calcium, 30.00 milligrams of vitamin C, 1.20 grams of protein, iron 0.70 milligrams, 0.30 grams of fat and 0.01 B mg of vitamin B1. Leaves have a protein content of 6.9 grams, 165 mg calcium, 54 mg phosphorus, 2 mg iron, Vitamin A 11000 IU and Vitamin C 275 mg.

Currently there are 10 M. esculenta varieties on the market which are grouped into food and industry. Varieties for food include N1 Mekarmanik, Adira 1, Malang 1, Malang 2, while industrial varieties include N1 Mekarmanik, Adira 2, Adira 4, Malang 4, Malang 6, UJ 5 and UJ 3.

Varieties for food have a pulverized tuber texture with HCN levels of less than 50 milligrams per kilogram and have a non-bitter taste, while for industries it has a starch content or dry content of about 0.6 grams per kilogram.

World cassava production is estimated to reach 192 million tons in 2004 with Nigeria 52.4 million tons, Brazil 25.4 million tons, Indonesia 24.1 million tons, Thailand 21.9 million tons (FAO, 2004). Most of the production is produced in Africa 99.1 million tons and 33.2 million tons in Latin America and the Caribbean Islands.

Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Genus: Manihot
Species: M. esculenta
Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular

Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri)

Porang or iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri) is a plant species in Araceae, the leaves are pseudo stems with a height of 40-180 cm and a diameter of 1-5 cm, tubular, green with irregular white patches, each branching point grows bulbil colored brown and yellow tubers.

A. muelleri has pseudo stems and leaves that are bright green to dark green and have greenish white patches. The surface of the stalk is smooth, while the leaves are smooth wavy. Ellipse-shaped leaves with pointed tips.


When flushing has 3, 4-5, 5-6 and finally 6 minor leaf strands with 3 small leaf stems. Young leaves have edges that are light purple, green and will end yellow with a width of 0.3-0.5 mm. Canopy has a width of 50-150 cm.

Stems grow on tubers with a diameter of 25-50 mm and height 75-175 cm. The color of the tuber is brownish or beige on the outer surface and brownish on the inside, rather oval and stringy roots, weight 450-3350 grams, fine tissue, 4-5 months dormant period and 35-55% glucomannan content.

…
Post a Comment
Read more

Anzac flower (Montanoa hibiscifolia)

Anzac flower (Montanoa hibiscifolia) is a plant species in Asteraceae, shrubs up to 6 meters high, rarely branched, terete stems with a soft sponge-like center, growing wild along forest boundaries, waterways and disturbed lands.

M. hibiscifolia has a row of leaves arranged opposite, stem length 1-17 cm, terete, has hair, length 9-42 cm, width 4-25 cm, base of round heart shape, irregular jagged, ciliated, has five to seven lobes, accumulating at the apex, the upper surface is dark green and the lower surface is pale green.



The flowers of the discs have 2-6 cm long stems, panicle cymose, many in the terminal and branching. The green crown turns yellow and 4 cm wide. Small achenes, 0.3-0.5 cm long, reddish brown, apex gland and four angles.

Anzac flower fills the savanna vegetation, river banks, ditches, rainforest edges, road sides, neglected and disturbed lands. Interesting white flowers and leaves are often used for living fences and ornamental plants.



Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheoph…
Post a Comment
Read more

Cornstalk dracena (Dracaena fragrans)

Drasena or cornstalk dracena (Dracaena fragrans) is a species of flowering plant in Asparagaceae, a shrub that grows slowly, is very adaptive and inhabits in altitude regions of 600-2250 m, multistemmed at the base, up to 15 m high or higher with narrow, upright and slender crowns.

D. fragrans has a round stem with a diameter of up to 30 cm, young plants have a single stem and are not branched with a rosette of leaves to the ends, producing two or more new stems with subsequent flowering episodes.


Lanceolate leaves, 20-150 cm long, 2-12 cm wide, green overall or yellow vertical stripes follow the bone trench in the middle for some varieties, shiny, upright young leaves to spread and larger leaves droop due to weight.

The flowers in panicles are 15-160 cm long, individual flowers have a diameter of 2.5 cm with a six-lobed corolla, are pink and open white with the center having a red or purple line on each lobe for 7-12 mm, very fragrant and popular with pollinating insects.

The berries …
Post a Comment
Read more