Kapok tree (Ceiba pentandra) is a species of plant in the Malvaceae, fruit that creates an atmosphere on the streets resembling snowfall with scattered fibers, grows under an elevation of 500 meters and rainfall of 1500-2500 mm/year.
C. pentandra grows to as high as 60-70 meters, trunks 3 meters in diameter, bark brownish green, roots spread horizontally from the ground surface. Stems soar singly without branches or can also be branched and often also found thorns.
The fruit is a source of fiber for mattresses, pillows, clothing, heat insulation and sound proofing. The dried skin of the fruit can be used as fuel. The seeds contain oil which is used as a lubricant, lamp oil and energy raw material. Cultivation plants generally only grow up to 10-30 meters.
Tree fruiting first at 4-5 years and economic age up to 60 years. Leaves, flowers and young fruit can be eaten. Plants have biomedical potential that has not been much researched. The leaves are commonly used to treat diarrhea, skin disorders, sedatives and pain relievers. Buds to treat asthma.
The leaves produce organic compounds including 174 mg/g phenolics, 4.54 mg/g alkaloids, 26 mg/g flavonoids, 0.48 mg/g tannins, 1.55 mg/g saponins, 0.15 mg phytic acid. /g, trypsin inhibitor 14.54 mg/g, hemagglutinin inhibitor 9.65 mg/g and oxalic acid 0.1 mg/g. The fatty acid derivatives are palmitic acid and linoleic acid.
TAXON
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Bombacoideae
Genus: Ceiba Mill. in Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4.: [s.p.] (1754)
Species: Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. in Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 244 (1791)
HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS
Bombax occidentale Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 3: 124 (1826)
Bombax pentandrum L. in Sp. Pl.: 511 (1753)
Ceiba anfractuosa M.Gómez in Bol. Secr. Agric. Comerc. Trab., Cuba 22: 66 (1914)
Ceiba casearia Medik. in Malvenfam.: 16 (1787)
Ceiba occidentalis Burkill in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 317 (1935)
Eriodendron anfractuosum DC. in Prodr. 1: 479 (1824)
Eriodendron occidentale G.Don in Gen. Hist. 1: 513 (1831)
Eriodendron pentandrum (L.) Kurz in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 43: 113 (1874)
Gossampinus alba Buch.-Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 15: 126 (1827)
Xylon pentandrum (L.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 75 (1891)
HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS
Bombax cumanense Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 5: 300 (1822)
Bombax guineense Schumach. in Beskr. Guin. Pl.: 302 (1827)
Bombax inerme L. in Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1141 (1759)
Bombax mompoxense Kunth (1822)
Bombax orientale Spreng. (1826)
Bombax plumosum Noronha in Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 5(4): 8 (1790)
Ceiba caribaea (DC.) A.Chev. in Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 17: 266 (1937)
Ceiba guineensis (Schumach.) A.Chev. (1937)
Ceiba guineensis var. ampla A.Chev. (1937)
Ceiba guineensis var. clausa A.Chev. (1937)
Ceiba pentandra f. albolana Ulbr. in Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 30 (1913)
Ceiba pentandra var. caribaea (DC.) Bakh. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 6: 196 (1924)
Ceiba pentandra f. grisea Ulbr. (1913)
Ceiba pentandra var. indica Bakh. (1924)
Ceiba thonningii A.Chev. (1937)
Eriodendron anfractuosum var. africanum DC. (1824)
Eriodendron anfractuosum var. caribaeum DC. (1824)
Eriodendron anfractuosum var. guianense Sagot in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 6, 11: 153 (1881)
Eriodendron anfractuosum var. indicum DC. (1824)
Eriodendron caribaeum (DC.) G.Don in J.C.Loudon, Loudon's Hort. Brit.: 292 (1830)
Eriodendron guineense (Schumach.) G.Don (1830)
Eriodendron orientale Kostel. in Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 5: 1875 (1836)
Gossampinus rumphii Schott & Endl. in Melet. Bot.: 35 (1832)
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VERNACULAR NAME
Bengali: শ্বেত শিমুল Shwet Simul
Bribri: Plí
Bugis: Kau-kau
Chinese (simplified): 吉贝 - 美洲木棉
Chinese (traditional): 吉貝 - 美洲木棉
Czech: Vlnovec pětimužný
Danish: Kapoktræ
English: Kapok Tree, Silk Cotton Tree, Kapok, Mapajo
Filipino: Buboi, Kapok, Balios
Finnish: Kuitukapokkipuu
French: Kapokier, Fromager
German: Kapokbaum, Wollbaum
Hindi: सफ़ेद सेमल - सुरक्षित सवारा - सफ़ेद सेमल - शाल्मलि Safed semal, Safed savara, Safed semul, Shalmali
Hong Kong: 吉貝 - 美洲木棉
Indonesia: Kapuk randu, Kapas jawa, Kapuk jawa, Kapas sutra.
Japanese: カポック - パンヤ - パンヤノキ - インドキワタ
Java: Kapuk
Kannada: Bili buruga, Haasige hati mara, Bili booraga, Bili booruga, Boorala, Elavu, Elava
Khmer: គូ - ក័រ Koo, Kor
Lao: ງິວສ໌ ບານສ໌ - ກົກ ນິວ - ງິວສ໌ Ngiuz baanz, Kok niou, Ngiou
Lithuanian: Tikrasis kapokmedis
Macao: 吉貝 - 美洲木棉
Malayalam: Dayna, Kapok, Panjimaram, Poola, Pannimaram
Malaysia: Kabukabu, Kekabu, Kapok
Manipuri: Moreh Tera
Marathi: Salmali, Shameula, Samali
Martinique: Fromager
Mizo: Japan-pang
Papiamentu: Katunbòm
Polish: Puchowiec pięciopręcikowy
Portuguese: Mafumeira, Sumaúma, Sumaúma-da-várzea, Sumaumeira, Árvore-da-seda, Árvore-de-lã, Árvore-da-lã, Paina-lisa, Sumaúma-verdadeira
Russian: Сейба пятитычинковая - Хлопковое дерево
Sanskrit: Kutashalmali, Swetasalmali
Slovak: Vlnovec päťtyčinkový
Spanish: Ceiba, Pochota
Swedish: Kapok
Taiwan: 吉貝 - 美洲木棉
Tamil: இளவம் - பஞ்சு Elavam, Pancu
Telugu: Tellaburaga
Thai: นุ่น
Turkish: Kapok Ağacı
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