Skip to main content

Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum)

Dlium Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum)

Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum) is a species of plant in the Solanaceae, a small tree, growing up to 5 meters, single erect stem with lateral branches, stem densely puberulent with unbranched glandular and eglandular hairs, flowers and fruit hanging on the side branches.

S. betaceum has ovate leaves, 7-40 cm long, 6-35 cm wide, slightly pubescent on the adaxial side with unbranched hairs and denser on the veins, densely pubescent on the underside. Petiole 3-25 cm and densely pubescent.





Inflorescences in panicles, 2.5-15 cm long, unbranched or branched with 10-50 flowers. Peduncle 1.5-9 cm and rachis 2-8 cm. Pedicels 10-20 mm, 15-50 mm, 3-10 mm apart, above the base, leaving a pedicellar remnant 1-3 mm long.

Flower shoots are elliptical to ovoid, obtuse to tapering at the apex. Flowers with calyx radius 3-5 mm, lobes 1-2 x 2-3 mm, delta, obtuse to truncated, shoot tip, fleshy, sparsely to densely pubescent.

Corolla 2-2.5 cm diameter, radius 10-15 mm, stellate, subcoriaceous to fleshy, pinkish white, tube 2-3 mm, lobes 7-12 x 2.5-4 mm at base, narrowly triangular , pointed at apex, abaxially and adaxially glabrous, margins tomentose.

Anther anther 5-6 x 2-2.5 mm, lanceolate, connivent, pale yellow, pores directed adaxially and distally. Tie 4.5-5 x 1-2 mm, narrowly triangular, slightly shorter at the base than the theca at the apex, equal to or slightly shorter than them at the base, absent at the adaxial, bright lemon yellow. bald ovaries; style 5-6 x 0.5-1 mm, protruding 1-2.5 mm beyond stamens, cylindrical, glabrous. The stigma is cut.

Fruit 4-10 x 3-5 cm, ellipsoidal or ovoid, blunt or pointed at the apex, green or yellow or orange or red or purple, often with longitudinal dark stripes, glabrous. Seeds 3-4 x 3.5-4 mm, flat, densely pubescent. Each bunch has 1-6 fruits. Seeds 3-4 x 3.5-4 mm, flat, densely pubescent.

This species grows at low elevations in the subtropics and 2000-2800 meters in the tropics, temperature 16-22C, rainfall 2000-2600 mm/year but tolerates 600-4000 mm/year, light or slightly acidic and fertile soil, pH 6.3 -7 but tolerates 5.8-7.5.

This plant contains carotenoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, alkaloids and tannins. The leaves are used to treat liver inflammation and sore throats. The juice is used to treat anemia and tonsillitis. The flesh of the fruit is used as a poultice for inflamed tonsils.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Solanales
Family: Solanaceae
Subfamily: Solanoideae
Tribe: Solaneae
Genus: Solanum L. in Sp. Pl.: 184 (1753)
Species: Solanum betaceum Cav. in Anales Hist. Nat. 1: 44 (1799)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendtn. in Flora 28: 172 (1845)
Pionandra betacea (Cav.) Miers in London J. Bot. 4: 358 (1845)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Cyphomandra crassifolia Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 220 (1898)
Cyphomandra procera Wawra in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 13: 221 (1863)
Dimorphylia icononciana Cortés in Revista Med. Trop. (Bogota) 34: 528 (1917)
Solanum crassifolium Ortega in Nov. Pl. Descr. Dec.: 117 (1800)
Solanum insigne Lowe in J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 1: 178 (1866)
Solanum obliquum Bertero ex Dunal in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1): 393 (1852

PUBLICATIONS

Bikandu, B., Lukoki, F. & Habari, J.P. (2020). Flore d'Afrique Centrale (Zaire-rwanda-Burundi) Solanaceae: 1-162. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique.

VERNACULAR NAME

Afrikaans: Boomtamatie, boom-tamatie
Angami: Seibengeno, Seibengenuo
Austria: Tamarillo, Baumtomate German
Bengali: টামারিলো
Burmese: တမာရီလို
Chinese (simplified): 树番茄
Chinese (traditional): 樹番茄
Czech: Lilek rajčenka
Danish: Trætomat
Dutch: Boomtomaat
English: Tamarillo, tree tomato, tree-tomato, tomato Tree
Estonian: Tamarillo-tomatipuu
Finnish: Puutomaatti
French: Tamarillo, Tomate en arbre, Tomate arbuste, Arbre à tomates
German: Tamarillo, Baumtomate
Hindi: तामारिलो
Indonesian: Terung Belanda, Takokak Dieng, Terong Belanda, Tomat Dieng
Javanese: Tomat Dieng, Takokak Dieng, Terong Belanda
Khmer: តាម៉ារីយ៉ូ
Lao: ຕາມາຣິໂລ
Lithuanian: Stambiavaisė basovija
Malayalam: Seemakkathiri, Marathakkali
Manipuri: Ookhamen
Mizo: Thing-tomato
Nepali: तामारिलो
Pashto: تاماریلو
Portuguese: Tamarilho, Tomate-de-árvore, Tomate-arbóreo, Tomate-maracujá, Tomarilho, Sangue-de-boi
Reunion: Tomate arbuste, Arbre à tomates
Russian: Цифомандра свекольная
Sinhala: මරට්ටක්කලි Marattakkali
Slovak: rajčiakovec ozdobný
Spanish: Tomate de árbol, Tomate de palo
Swedish: Tamarillo, trädtomat
Tamil: Marattakkali
Thai: มะเขือเทศต้น
Urdu: تماریلو
Vietnam: Cà chua cây

Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: https://www.dlium.com
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Dlium
Labels:

Popular Posts

Black jumping spider (Hyllus diardi)

Black jumping spider ( Hyllus diardi ) is an animal species in the Salticidae, black and white spiders, long hair, round head, elongated belly, relatively small, arboreal, perched on leaves in bushes and low trees in forests and agricultural lands. H. diardi has black and white color, shiny surface and white hair all over the body. The head is round, shiny black with a linear white line in the middle. Black eyes on the front of the head. The stomach has an elongated, jointed, black cylindrical shape with black plots at the top of each segment. The legs are long, segmented, shiny black or brownish in color and hairy. Black jumping spiders live arboreal, perch on leaf surfaces, low bushes, trees in forests, agricultural land, roadsides and shade. Very sensitive to human presence and will hide behind leaves to avoid sight. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Order: Araneae Suborder: Araneomorphae Infraorder: Entelegynae Superfamily: Salticoi...
Read more

Hairy senna (Senna hirsuta)

Hairy senna ( Senna hirsuta ) is a species of plant in the Fabaceae family. It is an upright shrub, growing up to 2.5 meters tall. The leaves are compound on petioles up to 13 cm long. They usually have 2-6 pairs of leaflets, are egg-shaped, and have white hairs, up to 10 cm long and 5 cm wide. The flowers are yellow and arranged at the tips of branches and in the upper leaf axils in clusters of 2-5. The petals are 12-16 mm long, have 6 stamens, 3-8 mm long anthers, and 4 staminodes. Flowering occurs almost monthly. The pods are cylindrical, up to 15 cm long, 4-6 mm wide, and curved. TAXON Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae Tribe: Cassieae Subtribe: Cassiinae Genus: Senna Mill. in Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4.: [s.p.] (1754) Species: Senna hirsuta (L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby in Phytologia 44: 499 (1979) Variety: Senna hirsuta var. acuminata (Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby, Senna ...
Read more

Cat's whiskers (Orthosiphon aristatus)

Remujung atau kumis kucing atau cat's whiskers ( Orthosiphon aristatus ) is a species of plant in the Lamiaceae, an erect herb, the lower part is rooted at the joints, 2 meters high, the stem has four corners and is somewhat grooved with short hair or bald, has joints where branches grow to the left and right and is dark purple. O. aristatus has round or oval, lanceolate, round-ovate or rhombic leaves starting from the base, 1-10 cm long, 1-5 cm wide, 4-29 cm long stalks and a main vein in the middle, leaf stalk length 7-29 cm. Glandular flower petals, veins and bases are short and sparsely hairy, while the uppermost part is bald. The terminal crown is a bunch that comes out of the end of the branch with a length of 7-29 cm. Length 13-27mm, covered with short purple hairs on the top and then turning white, tube length 10-18 mm, lip length 4.5-10mm, blunt flower strands, round. Stamens are longer than flower tubes and exceed the upper lip of the flower. Dark brown fruit, 1.75-...
Read more