Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum) is a species of plant in the Solanaceae, a small tree, growing up to 5 meters, single erect stem with lateral branches, stem densely puberulent with unbranched glandular and eglandular hairs, flowers and fruit hanging on the side branches.
S. betaceum has ovate leaves, 7-40 cm long, 6-35 cm wide, slightly pubescent on the adaxial side with unbranched hairs and denser on the veins, densely pubescent on the underside. Petiole 3-25 cm and densely pubescent.
Inflorescences in panicles, 2.5-15 cm long, unbranched or branched with 10-50 flowers. Peduncle 1.5-9 cm and rachis 2-8 cm. Pedicels 10-20 mm, 15-50 mm, 3-10 mm apart, above the base, leaving a pedicellar remnant 1-3 mm long.
Flower shoots are elliptical to ovoid, obtuse to tapering at the apex. Flowers with calyx radius 3-5 mm, lobes 1-2 x 2-3 mm, delta, obtuse to truncated, shoot tip, fleshy, sparsely to densely pubescent.
Corolla 2-2.5 cm diameter, radius 10-15 mm, stellate, subcoriaceous to fleshy, pinkish white, tube 2-3 mm, lobes 7-12 x 2.5-4 mm at base, narrowly triangular , pointed at apex, abaxially and adaxially glabrous, margins tomentose.
Anther anther 5-6 x 2-2.5 mm, lanceolate, connivent, pale yellow, pores directed adaxially and distally. Tie 4.5-5 x 1-2 mm, narrowly triangular, slightly shorter at the base than the theca at the apex, equal to or slightly shorter than them at the base, absent at the adaxial, bright lemon yellow. bald ovaries; style 5-6 x 0.5-1 mm, protruding 1-2.5 mm beyond stamens, cylindrical, glabrous. The stigma is cut.
Fruit 4-10 x 3-5 cm, ellipsoidal or ovoid, blunt or pointed at the apex, green or yellow or orange or red or purple, often with longitudinal dark stripes, glabrous. Seeds 3-4 x 3.5-4 mm, flat, densely pubescent. Each bunch has 1-6 fruits. Seeds 3-4 x 3.5-4 mm, flat, densely pubescent.
This species grows at low elevations in the subtropics and 2000-2800 meters in the tropics, temperature 16-22C, rainfall 2000-2600 mm/year but tolerates 600-4000 mm/year, light or slightly acidic and fertile soil, pH 6.3 -7 but tolerates 5.8-7.5.
This plant contains carotenoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, alkaloids and tannins. The leaves are used to treat liver inflammation and sore throats. The juice is used to treat anemia and tonsillitis. The flesh of the fruit is used as a poultice for inflamed tonsils.
TAXON
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Solanales
Family: Solanaceae
Subfamily: Solanoideae
Tribe: Solaneae
Genus: Solanum L. in Sp. Pl.: 184 (1753)
Species: Solanum betaceum Cav. in Anales Hist. Nat. 1: 44 (1799)
HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS
Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendtn. in Flora 28: 172 (1845)
Pionandra betacea (Cav.) Miers in London J. Bot. 4: 358 (1845)
HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS
Cyphomandra crassifolia Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 220 (1898)
Cyphomandra procera Wawra in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 13: 221 (1863)
Dimorphylia icononciana Cortés in Revista Med. Trop. (Bogota) 34: 528 (1917)
Solanum crassifolium Ortega in Nov. Pl. Descr. Dec.: 117 (1800)
Solanum insigne Lowe in J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 1: 178 (1866)
Solanum obliquum Bertero ex Dunal in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1): 393 (1852
PUBLICATIONS
Bikandu, B., Lukoki, F. & Habari, J.P. (2020). Flore d'Afrique Centrale (Zaire-rwanda-Burundi) Solanaceae: 1-162. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique.
VERNACULAR NAME
Afrikaans: Boomtamatie, boom-tamatie
Angami: Seibengeno, Seibengenuo
Austria: Tamarillo, Baumtomate German
Bengali: টামারিলো
Burmese: တမာရီလို
Chinese (simplified): 树番茄
Chinese (traditional): 樹番茄
Czech: Lilek rajčenka
Danish: Trætomat
Dutch: Boomtomaat
English: Tamarillo, tree tomato, tree-tomato, tomato Tree
Estonian: Tamarillo-tomatipuu
Finnish: Puutomaatti
French: Tamarillo, Tomate en arbre, Tomate arbuste, Arbre à tomates
German: Tamarillo, Baumtomate
Hindi: तामारिलो
Indonesian: Terung Belanda, Takokak Dieng, Terong Belanda, Tomat Dieng
Javanese: Tomat Dieng, Takokak Dieng, Terong Belanda
Khmer: តាម៉ារីយ៉ូ
Lao: ຕາມາຣິໂລ
Lithuanian: Stambiavaisė basovija
Malayalam: Seemakkathiri, Marathakkali
Manipuri: Ookhamen
Mizo: Thing-tomato
Nepali: तामारिलो
Pashto: تاماریلو
Portuguese: Tamarilho, Tomate-de-árvore, Tomate-arbóreo, Tomate-maracujá, Tomarilho, Sangue-de-boi
Reunion: Tomate arbuste, Arbre à tomates
Russian: Цифомандра свекольная
Sinhala: මරට්ටක්කලි Marattakkali
Slovak: rajčiakovec ozdobný
Spanish: Tomate de árbol, Tomate de palo
Swedish: Tamarillo, trädtomat
Tamil: Marattakkali
Thai: มะเขือเทศต้น
Urdu: تماریلو
Vietnam: Cà chua cây
Aryo Bandoro
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