Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)

Adas or fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a species of flowering plant in Apiaceae and has long been known as a seasoning, medicine and oil contained in seeds. This plant lives in the lowlands to an altitude of 1,800 meters above sea level.

F. vulgare has a sweet smell, 2 m tall, standing tall and bright green. Ribbon-shaped leaves, grow to 40 cm long with the last segment in the form of hair to a width of 0.5 mm.

Compound flower at the end of the stem, 5-15 cm in diameter and each panicle has 20-50 small yellow flowers on short pedicles. The fruit is a dry seed with a length of 4-9 mm and has a groove.

The leaves are eaten as a vegetable. Ripe and dried fruit powder is distilled to produce fennel oil with a sweet and bitter taste. Both are used in the medicine, seasoning, corrigentia saporis and herb fragrances.

A 100g of fennel fruits provides 1,440 kilojoules of energy and more than 19% of the DV protein, dietary fiber, B vitamins and several dietary minerals, especially calcium, iron, magnesium and manganese, all of which exceed 100% DV. Fennel fruits are 52% carbohydrates, 15% fat, 40% dietary fiber, 16% protein and 9% water.

The aromatic character of fennel fruits derives from volatile oils imparting mixed aromas, including trans-anethole and estragole (resembling liquorice), fenchone (mint and camphor), Limonene, 1-octen-3-ol (mushroom). Other phytochemicals found in fennel fruits include polyphenols, such as rosmarinic acid and luteolin, among others in minor content.

Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Apiales
Family: Apiaceae
Genus: Foeniculum
Species: F. vulgare

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NEWS - Sumbawa longhorn ( Nemophora sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov.), Timor longhorn ( Nemophora timorella Kozlov, sp. nov.), shining shade longhorn ( Nemophora umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov.), Wegner longhorn ( Nemophora wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov.), long brush longhorn ( Nemophora longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov.), and short brush longhorn ( Nemophora brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov.) from the Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia. The Lesser Sunda Islands consist of two parallel, linear oceanic island chains, including Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba, Sawu, Timor, Alor, and Tanimbar. The oldest of these islands have been continuously occurring for 10–12 million years. This long period of isolation has allowed significant in situ diversification, making the Lesser Sundas home to many endemic species. This island chain may act as a two-way filter for organisms migrating between the world's two great biogeographic regions, Asia and Australia-Papua. The recognition of a striking cli...

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