Green weaver ant (Oecophylla smaragdina)

Rangrang or Asian weaver ant or green weaver ant (Oecophylla smaragdina) is a species of insects in Formicidae, arboreal, rather large ants that are known to have high ability in forming webbing for nests, brown-red-green, social insects and forming colonies in very high populations.

O. smaragdina creates territorial, fierce temperament and attacks anything that approaches the area. Many tree owners in Southeast Asia use them to preserve fruit. The larvae are known as Kroto which are favored by birds being a secondary trading commodity for additional income by farmers.

Ant Weaver has two species that are still alive is the Asian weaver ant (O. smaragdina) which is widespread in tropical Asia and Australia, African weaver ant (O. longinoda) inhabits the tropics in Africa, while the other species in this genus are fossils.

They are the dominant ants in the open forest and make leaf nests which are held together with larval silk. Ants have been important in research on the integration of control, communication, territoriality, colonizing life and controlling agricultural pests.

Weaver ant is a true social insect, has a social structure and the life of the colony is very dependent on the tree. The queen are females, measuring 20-25 mm, green or brown in color and has the duty to spawn babies. The male is in charge of marrying the queen and dying.

The worker are females, measuring 56 mm, orange and greenish, in charge of caring for young ants. Warriors are females, measuring 810 mm, generally orange in color, having strong long legs, long antennae, large jaws, guarding nests, searching and gathering food for all colonies and building nests.

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Formicinae
Genus: Oecophylla
Species: O. smaragdina

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Shoebutton ardisia (Ardisia elliptica)

Lempeni or duck's eye or coralberry or shoebutton ardisia (Ardisia elliptica) are shrub species in Primulaceae, grow in tropical climates, survive under the shade of large trees in dense forests, strong single roots and produce sweet fruit.

A. elliptica can grow up to 5 meters high, a single stem and stands upright with many short branches, has oval shaped leaves, elongated, rather thick, smooth texture, shiny, pink when young and will turn dark green when old.

Flowers appear on leaf axils, umbrella-shaped with reddish purple crowns and white petals to pink. Lempeni produces round and clustered fruits, which are green when young and turn red, purple and black when old.

Ripe fruit emits purple ink when broken, about 5-6 mm. Seeds are round and 5 mm in diameter. Ripe fruit is preferred for consumption for sweetness. The leaves are antiplatelet, are antibacterial and contain many antioxidants.

Ardisia solanacea and Ardisia humilis are considered the same species as Ardisia elliptica by…

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus)

Nangka or jack tree or jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) are plant species in Moraceae, monoecious, 10-30 m tall trees, 1 m diamater, cylindrical stems, dense and wide crowns, all parts emit white sap and can interbreed with cempedak (A. integer) in the wild.

A. heterophyllus has a single leaf, scattered, stalk 1-4 cm, thick, stiff, flat edges, ovoid and elongated, 3.5-12x5-25 cm with a narrow base and short pointed tip. Leaves are ovate, sharp, 8 cm long, fall off easily and leave ring marks.

Flowers grow on the armpits of leaves on old stems or branches. The male flowers in the hump are spindle-shaped, 1-3x3-8 cm, deep green, yellow and fragrant pollen. Mature flowers will rot, blacken and fall. Female flowers in single or paired heads, cylindrical or oval and dark green.

The fruit is in a spindle shape, uneven, 100 cm long, the outer side forms short and soft spines. The inside is the development of a flower, yellow when ripe, fragrant and sweet. The seeds are oval shaped, 2-4 cm…

Quickstick (Gliricidia sepium)

Gamal or gliricidia or fence post tree or quickstick (Gliricidia sepium) is a shrub species in Fabaceae, many branches, 2-15 m high, stem diameter 15-30 cm, grayish brown to whiteish leaves, shedding leaves in the dry season and sometimes grooved on old stems.

G. sepium has odd pinnate compound leaves, 15-30 cm long and when young has fine hairs. A number of leaflets of 7-17 pairs sit face to face, lanceolate, 3-6x1.5-3 cm, pointed tip and rounded base. Bare, thin, green on the top and white on the bottom.

The flower group in panicles contains 25-50 florets and 5-12 cm long. The flower has 5 petals, bright green with a white-purple crown and 10 white stems. Flowers come at the end of the dry season when the trees are not leafy.

Pods have 3-8 seeds, flat elongated, 10-15x1.5-2 cm, green yellow and finally blackish brown, breaking down when ripe and dry. When it's time the pods erupt and throw the seeds as far as 25 m from the tree.

Quickstick has flowers, so some people plant it as …

Javanese grasshopper (Valanga nigricornis)

Wooden grasshoppers or wooden walang or Javanese grasshopper (Valanga nigricornis) are grasshopper species in Acrididae and have around 18 subspecies, most of which are endemic to various island groups in Indonesia. This insect has a very broad sexual dimorphism where males have a length of 45-55 millimeters and females 15-75 mm.

V. nigricornis is yellowish brown or yellowish or green with bluish black marks. The back wing is rose red when flying. The nymphs are pale green and dark. They live in forests, bushes and really like the leaves of the giant sensitive plant (Mimosa diplotricha) and giant sensitive tree (Mimosa pigra).

Javanese grasshopper has one generation every year where four eggs are placed on moist soil in forest clearing. The eggs are not active throughout the dry season and it takes six to eight months to hatch.

The eggs hatch into nymphs and pass seven instar stages before becoming winged adults. Wood grasshoppers are solitary insects and do not form flocks, but outbre…

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)

Tembakau or bako or tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is a plant species in Solanaceae, grows from cultivation, genetics does not change but is phenotypically dependent on soil conditions, microclimate and the local environment that causes different types of leaves.

N. tabacum is a seasonal plant classified as a plantation crop. Utilization of tobacco trees, especially on leaves containing nicotine (C10H14N2) for the manufacture of cigarettes and medical materials. Plants live everywhere but grow well in the two-season region and temperatures of 20-30C.

Root

Tobacco trees have taproots and penetrate the soil at a depth of 50-75 cm, while small roots spread sideways and have hair to absorb water in loose soil.

Stem

The trunk is rather round, 5 cm in diameter and about 2.5 m high but in good conditions it can be 4 m, whereas in bad conditions it is usually only 1 m. The stem is slightly soft but strong, getting to the top the smaller.

The stem is completely green and almost all parts are covered…

Dlium

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