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Green wattle (Acacia decurrens)

Dlium Green wattle (Acacia decurrens)

Green wattle (Acacia decurrens) are plant species in Fabaceae, perennial trees or shrubs, grow fast to 15 m high, gummy woody, dark green twigs and green or brown or dark gray tree bark.

A. decurrens is very striking as a grove of green, has needle-shaped leaves, dark green in alternating arrangement, the base of the stems forming pulvinus, bipinnate, rachis length is 20-120 mm, angular and hairless.



Each small leaflet has 15-45 pairs with a wide distance, connected to each other with a length of 5-15 mm with a width of 0.4-1 mm, straight, parallel side, pointed end, pointed base, shiny and not hairy or sparse.

The small flowers are yellow or golden yellow and are attached tightly to the stems on each head with a length of 5-7 mm and the length of the axillary rasme or panicle terminal is 60-110 mm. Bisexual, fragrant, five petals, sepals and many stamens.

The pods mature in dry season. Dark brown or reddish brown or black seeds are located in parallel, even, smooth pods. Length 20-105 mm with a width of 4-8.5 mm. Seeds come out through two valves and are spread by ants and birds.

Trees can live for 15-50 years. Shoots grow fast after fires and colonize disturbed areas. Tree trunks produce sap which is brown and clear and sticky. Bark contains 37-40% tannin. Flowers to produce yellow coloring and seed pods for green coloring.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Mimosoideae
Genus: Acacia Mill. in Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4.: [s.p.] (1754)
Subgenus: Botrycephalae
Species: Acacia decurrens (J.C.Wendl.) Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 1072 (1806)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Acacia decurrens f. normalis Benth. in Fl. Austral. 2: 415 (1864)
Acacia decurrens var. normalis (Benth.) Maiden in Wattles Wattle-Barks, ed. 2: 70 (1891)
Mimosa decurrens J.C.Wendl. in Bot. Beob.: 57 (1798)
Racosperma decurrens (J.C.Wendl.) Pedley in Austrobaileya 2: 348 (1987)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Acacia adenophora Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 3: 140 (1826)
Acacia angulata Desv. in J. Bot. Agric. 3: 68 (1814)
Acacia decurrens var. angulata (Desv.) Benth. in London J. Bot. 1: 385 (1842)
Acacia mollissima var. angulata (Desv.) Walp. in Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 907 (1842)
Mimosa angulata (Desv.) Poir. in Encycl., Suppl. 5: 530 (1817)
Mimosa mollissima Willd. in Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol.: 1053 (1809)
Mimosa pulchra Dum.Cours. in Bot. Cult. 1: 420 (1802)

PUBLICATIONS

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.

Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.

Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.

Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2023). Flora of North America North of Mexico 11(1): 1-541. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.

Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.

Govaerts, R. (1995). World Checklist of Seed Plants 1(1, 2): 1-483, 529. MIM, Deurne.

Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.

Isely, D. (1998). Native and Naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States: 1-1007. Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.

Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánes, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador: 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Kumar, S. & Sane, P.V. (2003). Legumes of South Asia. A Checklist: 1-536. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Lock, J.M. & Ford, C.S. (2004). Legumes of Malesia a Check-List: 1-295. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-List: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.

Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé.

Retief, E. & Meyer, N.L. (2017). Plants of the Free State inventory and identification guide. Strelitzia 38: 1-1236. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.

Sanjappa, M., Pusalkar, P.K. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2024). Flora of India 6: 1-556. Botanical Survey of India.

Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 10: 1-642. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

de Lourdes Rico-Acre, M. (2007). A checklist and synopsis of American species of Acacia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae): 1-207. CONABIO, México D.F.

de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2022). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 1-161. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. https://flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census.

VERNACULAR NAME

Afrikaans: Groenwattel, Australiesebasboom, Groenbasboom,
Groenwattelboom
Chinese (simplified): 雪梨绿相思
Chinese (traditional): 雪梨綠相思
English: Green Wattle, Sydney green wattle, Australian Wattle, Wattle, Wattle Tree, Black wattle, Early green wattle
Indonesian: Kasiah, Akasia gunung
Javanese: Kasiah
Lithuanian: Sparnuotoji akacija
Russian: Акация низбегающая
Slovak: Akácia zbiehavá
Turkish: Sidney Akasyası

Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Dlium
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