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Durian (Durio zibethinus)

Dlium Durian (Durio zibethinus)

Durian (Durio zibethinus) is a species of tropical plant in Malvaceae, an annual tree, everlasting green but there are certain times to grow new leaves after the fruiting period is over, popularly called "king of fruit" and considered a controversial fruit where many people like, but some others are even fed up with the scent.

D. zibethinus grows to 25-50 m, reddish brown bark and irregular peeling, leafy and stretched canopy. The leaves are oval shaped to lanceolate, 10-15x3-4.5 cm, sitting alternately, stemmed, taper or blunt base and taper-pointed sloping, bright green upper side, the lower side covered with silver or golden scales.





Flowers appear directly on the trunk or old branches at the proximal, clustered in panicles containing 3-10 florets or flat-shaped florets. Rounded flower buds, 2 cm in diameter and long stem. Tubular petals, 3 cm long, additional petals split into 2-3 round lobes.

This durian fruit is capsule type and is round to oval with a length of up to 25 cm and a diameter of up to 20 cm. Thick skin, sharp and thorny surface, yellowish green, brownish to grayish.

Durian is a tropical plant to an altitude of 800 m, rainfall of at least 1500 mm that is spread evenly throughout the year, but a dry period of 1-2 months will stimulate better flowering. Fruit season usually comes after a long dry season.

Durian is cultivated for fresh fruit also preserved into solid pulp, fermentation for sauces, pastry ingredients and refreshing drinks. Seeds can be eaten as snack. Some parts of plants are sometimes used as vegetables and traditional medicinal ingredients. Wood usually used as home furniture.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Helicteroideae
Tribe: Durioneae
Genus: Durio Adans. in Fam. Pl. 2: 399 (1763)
Species: Durio zibethinus L. in J.A.Murray (ed.), Syst. Veg., ed. 13.: 581 (1774)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Durio acuminatissimus Merr. in Philipp. J. Sci. 29: 393 (1926)
Durio stercoraceus Noronha in Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 5(4): 13 (1790)

PUBLICATIONS

Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.

Govaerts, R. (2000). World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS Genera starting with letter D: 1-30141.

Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.

Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.

Nurtjahya, E. & al. (2026). Flowering Plants of Bangka Island: Native and Introduced. Acta Botanica Hungarica 68: 127-156.

Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.

VERNACULAR NAME

Ambon: Doriang
Arabic دوريان زبادي
Banggai: Mbolisukon
Burmese: Du-yin
Chinese (simplified): 榴莲 - 麝香猫果 - 榴梿
Chinese (traditional): 榴槤
English: Durian, King of fruits
Filipino: Dulian
Finnish: Durio
Gayo: Durian, Duren
German: Stinkfrucht
Hong Kong: 榴槤
Indonesian: Durian, Buah berduri, Buah duri
Japanese: ドリアン
Java: duren, Kadu
Kaili Ledo: Duria
Kaili Tara: Tamadue
Khmer: ធុរេន
Korean: 두리안
Lao: ทุเรียน
Macao: 榴槤
Malay: Durian
Manado: Duriang
Polish: Durian właściwy
Russian: Дуриан цибетиновый
Seram: Rulen
Slovak: Durian zapáchavý
Spanish: Durián, Durión
Sunda: Kadu, Duren
Taiwan: 榴槤
Thai: ทุเรียนบ้าน
Toraja: Duliang
Vietnam: Sâù- riêng

Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Dlium
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