Common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Ikan mas or common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a species of animal in Cyprinidae, long and slightly flattened to the side, living in freshwater, omnivores, very diverse colors, has long been known as a food source and ornamental fish that is widely cultivated because it is easy to breed and not much requires special treatment.

C. carpio has a mouth at the tip of the middle and can be puffed, has two pairs of tentacles of unequal length. The head has a pair of eyes, a pair of concave noses that are not connected to the oral cavity, gill slits and a pair of lids, hearing aids and balance that is visible from the outside.

Fins are paired and single as a device for moving. They eat moss, plankton and small invertebrates found at the bottom and edges of the water, but more commonly referred to as omnivores that tend to be herbivores.

The digestive tract in segments includes the mouth, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, pylorus, intestine, rectum and anus. Common carp with a length of 19 cm generally has a bowel length of up to 50 cm or almost three times the body length.

They do not have a stomach but the small intestine at the tip looks enlarged, better known as "fake stomach". The long intestine is a compensation for processing foods that have high fiber content and aims to get the maximum hydrolysis of food macromolecules.

Ikan mas grow optimally in freshwater habitats on the banks of rivers or lakes that are not too deep and the currents are not too heavy, altitude 150-600 m, temperature 25-30C and water pH 7-8, although sometimes found in brackish waters or river mouths with 25-30% salt content.

The life cycle begins with developments in the gonads that occur throughout the year and are not dependent on the season, but often at the beginning of the rainy season due to stimulation from the smell of dry and stagnant water.

Spawning in the middle of the night until the end of dawn in which the parents are actively looking for a lush place by water plants or grasses that cover the surface of the water as a place to attach eggs.

Eggs are round, clear in color, 1.5-1.8 mm in diameter and weights from 0.17 to 0.20 mg. Egg size varies depending on the age and size of the parent. Embryos will grow in eggs that have been fertilized by spermatozoa.

The eggs will hatch and grow into larvae with a size of 0.50.6 mm and weigh 18-20 mg after 2-3 days and have a large egg yolk bag as a food reserve for 2-4 days. Larvae tend to stick and move vertically.

The larvae enter the final stage within 4-5 days and start eating zooplankton such as rotifers, moina and daphnia which will spend about 60-70% of their own weight every day. After three months it turns into a teenager to weigh about 100 grams.

Adult fish come after six months weighing 500 grams for males and 1.5 kg for females. Parent has a habit of stirring the bottom of the water to find food. C. carpio has a variety of scales, body shapes and fins depending on variety.

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae
Subfamily: Cyprininae
Genus: Cyprinus
Species: C. carpio

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