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Sleeping hibiscus (Malvaviscus penduliflorus)

Dlium Sleeping hibiscus (Malvaviscus penduliflorus)

Sleeping hibiscus (Malvaviscus penduliflorus) is a plant species in Malvaceae, shrubs up to 4 m high, hard woody stems with brown bark and green young branches, hairy or hairless branchlets, stipules shaped like threads for 4 mm and drooping down.

M. penduliflorus has a leaf stalk for a length of 1-2 cm and hair, leaves are ovoid to pointy, 6-12 cm long and 2.5-6 cm wide, a wedge-shaped base wide to almost rounded and a pointed tip, serrated edge, colored upper surface dark green and shiny, the lower surface is brighter and both surfaces are hairless.





Solitary flowers, hanging from axils on the stem 1.5 cm long, red, tubular and 5 cm long. Has 8 fake sepals, spoon-shaped, 1-1.5 cm and ciliate margins. The sepal cup is slightly longer than the epicalyx and has long hair, a 7 cm long column of stamens protruding from the flower.

This species always green, very rare to bear fruit, grow to an altitude of 1000 m, lots of sunlight in open forests, road sides and untreated areas. Many are cultivated for ornamental plants in the yard of the house and open places.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Malvoideae
Tribe: Hibisceae
Genus: Malvaviscus Fabr. in Enum. Meth. Pl.: 155 (1759)
Species: Malvaviscus penduliflorus Moc. & Sessé ex DC. in Prodr. 1: 445 (1824)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Malvaviscus arboreus var. penduliflorus (Moc. & Sessé ex DC.) Schery in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 223 (1942)
Malvaviscus arboreus subsp. penduliflorus (Moc. & Sessé ex DC.) Hadač in Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 5: 432 (1970)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Malvaviscus arboreus var. longifolius Schery in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 218 (1942)
Malvaviscus longifolius Garcke in Allg. Gartenzeitung 22: 321 (1854), nom. illeg. homonym. post.

PUBLICATIONS

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.

Aung, Y.L., Aung, M.H., Tan, Y. & Jin, X. (2025). An updated checklist of vascular plants of Myanmar. PhytoKeys 261: 135-364.

Berendsohn, W.G., Gruber, A.K. & Monterrosa Salomón, J. (2012). Nova Silva Cusatlantica. Árboles natinos e introducidos de El Salvador. Parte 2: Angiospermae - Familias M a P y Pteridophyta. Englera 29-2: 1-300.

Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Cervantes Aceves, N. (1992). La Familia Malvaceae en el Estado de Jalisco, Mexico: 1-393. Editorial Universidad de Guadalajara.

Chayamarit, K. & Balslev, H. (eds.) (2019). Flora of Thailand 14(2): 185-358. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.

Hammel, B.E. & al. (eds.) (2007). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica, volumen VI, Dicotyledóneas (Haloragaceae-Phytolaccaceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 111: 1-933. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.

Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

Oppenheimer, H. (2011). New Hawaiian plant records for 2009. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 110: 5-10.

Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Stevens, W.D., Ulloa U., C., Pool, A. & Montiel, O.M. (2001). Flora de Nicaragua. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 85: i-xlii, 1-2666. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.

Villaseñor, J.L. (2016). Checklist of the native vascular plants of Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 559-902.

Wu, Z., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D. (eds.) (2007). Flora of China 12: 1-534. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

VERNACULAR NAME

Aceh: Payong mirah
Brazil: Hibisco-colibri
Burmese: ထီးနီ
Chinese (simplified): 垂花悬铃花
Chinese (traditional): 垂花懸鈴花 - 南美朱槿
English: Sleeping Hibiscus, Sleepy mallow, Red umbrella, Mazapan, Turk's cap mallow, Cardinal's hat, Firecracker hibiscus
Filipino: Pulang payong
French: Hibiscus dormeur
Indonesian: Payung merah, Malpen
Japanese: タイリンヒメフヨウ - ウナズキヒメフヨウ
Java: Payung abang
Khmer: ឆ័ត្រក្រហម
Korean: 하와이무궁화
Lao: ຄັນຮົ່ມສີແດງ
Makassar: Payung eja
Portuguese: Hibisco-colibri
Russian: Мальвавискус повислоцветковый
Spanish: Moco de guajolote, San Joaquín
Thai: ร่มสีแดง
Turkish: Fes Çalısı
Vietnam: Ô đỏ

Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Dlium
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