Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum)

Cabai or chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) is a plant species in Solanaceae, shrub with a height of 50-100 cm, stem diameter 1-1.5 cm, dark green, broad, cultured that has high economic value and is planted in various places and the season depends on the variety.

C. annuum has bright green petioles and 4-5 cm long. The leaves are lanceolate, 6-13 cm long, 1-3.5 cm wide, alternating layout, tapered tip, tapered base, smooth surface, flat edge, a main bone in the middle and 3-5 minor bones sideways.

The upper leaf surface is dark green, while the lower surface is light green. Young leaves are light green while old leaves are dark brown to black. Flowers face down, green petals and 5-6 white crowns.

Fruit facing down, long tube-shaped, pointed tip, ripe fruit has a length of 11-23 cm, diameter 1-1.7 cm. Young fruit is dark green, then turns reddish brown and turns red when ripe and has a very spicy taste. The seeds are 3-4 mm in size, yellowish white when young and dark brown when ripe.

Chili pepper is rich in vitamins A, C and E. Widely used as fresh vegetables, cooking spices, herbs, ingredients for sauce, grapes, traditional medicines and ornamental plants. High economic value produces new cultivars that have certain advantages according to industry needs.

At least three main varieties are Capsicum annuum var. annuum, Capsicum annuum var. conoides and Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum. It grows well at an altitude of 300-400 m, pH 6.0-7.0, temperature 15-30C with a maximum of 40C and a minimum of 8C and low rainfall.

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Solanales
Family: Solanaceae
Subfamily: Solanoideae
Tribe: Capsiceae
Genus: Capsicum
Species: Capsicum annuum
Varieties: Capsicum annuum var. annuum, Capsicum annuum var. conoides and Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum

Black potato (Coleus rotundifolius)

Black potato ( Coleus rotundifolius ) is a species of plant in Lamiaceae, herbaceous, fibrous roots and tubers, erect and slightly creeping stems, quadrangular, thick, and slightly odorous. Single leaves, thick, membranous, opposite and alternate. Leaves are oval, dark green and shiny on the upper side, bright green on the lower side. Up to 5 cm long, up to 4 cm wide, slightly hairy and pinnate leaf veins. Leaf stalks up to 4 cm long. Small, purple flowers. Star-shaped petals, lip-shaped crown, dark to light purple with a slightly curved tube shape. Flowering from February-August. Small tubers, brown and white flesh and tuber length 2-4 cm. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Lamiales Family: Lamiaceae Subfamily: Nepetoideae Tribe: Ocimeae Subtribe: Plectranthinae Genus: Coleus Species: Coleus rotundifolius

Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) manufacture bubble-nets as tools to increase prey intake

NEWS - Humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) create bubble net tools while foraging, consisting of internal tangential rings, and actively control the number of rings, their size, depth and horizontal spacing between the surrounding bubbles. These structural elements of the net increase prey intake sevenfold. Researchers have known that humpback whales create “bubble nets” for hunting, but the new report shows that the animals also manipulate them in a variety of ways to maximize catches. The behavior places humpbacks among the rare animals that make and use their own tools. “Many animals use tools to help them find food, but very few actually make or modify these tools themselves,” said Lars Bejder, director of the Marine Mammal Research Program (MMRP), University of Hawaii at Manoa. “Humpback whales in southeast Alaska create elaborate bubble nets to catch krill. They skillfully blow bubbles in patterns that form a web with internal rings. They actively control details such ...

Purwaceng (Pimpinella pruatjan)

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