Johar or kassod tree (Senna siamea) is a plant species in Fabaceae, a 2-30 m tall tree with straight and short trunks, the shadows rarely exceed 50 cm, brownish-gray bark on young branches, branching widens to form a dense canopy and rounded.
S. siamea has even pinnate leaves, 10-35 cm long with round stems, 1.5-3.5 cm long with shallow grooves in the middle and shaft without glands. Minor leaves have 4-16 pairs, somewhat warm, oval to round eggs, base and tip rounded or dull, bald, shiny upper surface and lower surface have fine hair.
Flowers are collected in panicles at the tips of branches, 15-60 cm long, have 10-60 buds divided into several panicles. The flower has 5 petals, rounded oval, 4-9 mm, thick and fine haired. Bright yellow crown, 5 strands, bald, inverted egg round, flag with 1-2 mm long nails. Ten stamens to a length of 1 cm.
Flat-shaped pods, 15-30 cm long, 12-16 mm wide, 20-30 seeds with a thickened edge and at the end of the exposure. Egg-shaped seeds, flat, 6.5-8 mm long, 6 mm wide, light brown and glossy.
This tree grows well in tropical lowlands with monsoon climate, rainfall between 500-1000 mm/year, 20-31C, deep and fertile soils with a pH of 5.5-7.5. This plant can not stand the cold, freezing and above the altitude of 1300 m.
TAXON
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae
Tribe: Cassieae Subtribe: Cassiinae
Genus: Senna Mill. in Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4.: [s.p.] (1754)
Species: Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby in Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 98 (1982)
HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS
Cassia siamea Lam. in Encycl. 1: 648 (1785)
HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS
Cassia arborea Macfad. in Fl. Jamaica 1: 343 (1837)
Cassia florida Vahl in Symb. Bot. 3: 57 (1794)
Cassia gigantea Bertero ex DC. in Prodr. 2: 492 (1825)
Cassia siamea var. puberula Kurz in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 45: 284 (1876)
Cassia sumatrana Roxb. ex Hornem. in Suppl. Hort. Bot. Hafn.: 135 (1819)
Chamaefistula gigantea (Bertero ex DC.) G.Don in Gen. Hist. 2: 452 (1832)
Senna sumatrana (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Roxb. in Fl. Ind. 2: 347 (1824)
PUBLICATIONS
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VERNACULAR NAME
Assamese: Xunaroo
Bengali: কাসোদ Kassod
Burmese: မီဇာလီ Mezali
Chinese (simplified): 铁刀木
Chinese (traditional): 暹羅槐 - 鐵刀木
English: Kassod Tree, Siamese cassia, Iron Wood, Cassod tree, Cassia tree
Ewe: Zangara gbe
Finnish: Siaminsenna
French: Cassia du Siam, Séné de Siam
Hindi: कसोद Kassod, सीमिया Seemia
Hong Kong: 暹羅槐
Indonesian: Johar
Japanese: タガヤサン
Java: Jati ireng, Jati wesi
Kannada: Seemetangadi, Hiritangadi, Hiretangadi, Sima tangedu, Hiretangedi, Motovolanyaro
Kiswahili : mhoba
Lao: ຕົ້ນຂີ້ເຫລັກ Ton khi heak
Malayalam: Manjakonna, Manjakonnei
Marathi: Kassod
Melayu: Johor
Portuguese: Cássia-siâmica
Russian: Сенна сиамская
Slovak: Senna siamská
Sumatera: Bujuk, Dulang
Sunda: Juar, Juwar
Tamil: மஞ்சள் கொன்ரை Manjal konrai, மன்ஜே-கொன்னே Manje-konne, செலுமலர்க்கொன்றை Chelumalarkkonrai, சின்னக்கென்னை Sinnakennai, சீமலௌரி Seemalauari, கசோட் Kassod, மஞ்சக்கொன்னை Manjakonnai
Telugu: Sima tangedu, Seema tangedu, Kurumbi
Thai: คิเลก Khilek
Twi: Nkyedua
Vietnamese: Muồng đen
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