Luwingan or opposite leaf fig (Ficus hispida) is a species of plant in the Moraceae, a tree growing up to 20 m tall, hardwood, fruit grows abundantly in rows on a long stalk and sheds leaves in the dry season,
F. hispida has a brown stem, has many branches, is gray and has sap. The leaves are heart-shaped, pointed at the tip, up to 25 cm long, up to 10 cm wide, a main vein in the middle and pinnate minor veins, rough and hairy surface, serrated margins and green.
Each tree produces female syconia containing female flowers that will become fruit buds, while male syconia contain pollen. The tree begins to bear fruit at the age of 3 years with, clustered for 10-20 fruits in a bunch.
Fruit in panicles up to 2 meters long. The fruit is oval or polygonal, up to 3.5 cm in diameter, and the prominent spots are white. Large mesocarp protected by parenchyma cells. Young fruit is green to turn yellow and red when ripe, has an epidermis layer with cuticle and 4-6 layers of hexagonal or polygonal collenchyma.
The fruit has a soft flesh texture and small seeds that grow throughout the year. Rich in calcium, phosphorus, and iron which are used as antidiarrhea, astringent, hepatoprotective, antitussive, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, anti-ulcer and anemia.
TAXON
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Rosales
Family: Moraceae
Tribe: Ficeae
Genus: Ficus Tourn. ex L. in Sp. Pl.: 1059 (1753)
Species: Ficus hispida L.f. in Suppl. Pl.: 442 (1782)
Variety: Ficus hispida var. hispida, Ficus hispida var. rubra Corner
HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS
Covellia hispida (L.f.) Miq. in London J. Bot. 7: 462 (1848)
Gonosuke hispida (L.f.) Raf. in Sylva Tellur.: 58 (1838)
PUBLICATIONS
Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.
Chaudhary, L.B., Sudhakar, J.V., Kumar, A., Bajpai, O., Tiwari, R. & Murthy, G.V.S. (2012). Synopsis of the genus Ficus L. (Moraceae) in India. Taiwania 57: 193-216.
Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
George, A.S. (ed.) (1989). Flora of Australia 3: 1-219. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Ghafoor, A. (1985). Flora of Pakistan 171: 1-54. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
Govaerts, R. (2001). World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS Genera starting with letter E-F: 1-50919.
Grierson, A.J.C. & Long, D.G. (1983). Flora of Bhutan 1(1): 1-186. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
Karthigeyan, K., Pandey, R.P. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2023). Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2: 1-689. Botanical Survey of India. Ministry of environment, forest and climate change.
Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.
Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590. Smithsonian Institution.
Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.
Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.
Pusalkar, P.K., Mao, A.A. & Inge, P. (eds.) (2022). Flora of India 24: 1-688. Botanical Survey of India.
Sarmah, K.K. & Borthakur, S.K. (2009). A checklist of angiospermic plants of Manas national park in Assam, India. Pleione 3: 190-200.
Sikarwar, R.L.S. (2014). Angiosperm diversity assessment of Chitrakootthe legendary place of Vindhyan range, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 38: 563-619.
Turner, I.M. (1995 publ. 1997). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 347-655.
Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2003). Flora of China 5: 1-505. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
VERNACULAR NAME
English: Luwingan, Opposite leaf fig, Rough-leaved stem-fig
Gujarati: Dhed umbar
Hindi: ग्लोबल - कक्षा - काला ऊंट - का गुलरिया - फल्गु Gobla, Kagsha, Kala umbar, Katgularia, Phalgu
Indonesian: Luwingan
Javanese: Luwingan, Bisoro
Kannada: Kaadatthi, Adavi atthi, Kallatthi, Naayatthi, Hucchatthi
Konkani: Kharvoti
Malayalam: Erumanaakk, Kaattaththi, Paarakam
Manipuri: Asi Heibong
Marathi: Bokeda, Bokhada, Bokheda, Dhed umbar, Kala umbar, Karavati
Mizo: Paihte-maian
Nepali: खसरेतो - थोट्ने - कोठाया डुम्री Khasreto, Thotne, Kothaayaa Dumree
Sanskrit: Kakodumbarika, Malayoo, Malapoo, Kaakodumbar, Kaakodumbari, Jaghanephalaa
Tamil: பேயட்டி Peyatti
Telugu: Bomma-medi
Thai: มะเดื่อปล้อง
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