Krambilan (Biophytum sensitivum) is a plant species in Oxalidaceae, annual shrubs that grow 5-25 cm tall, woody base, long stems, slender, strong, simple, greenish brown, at the top covered by thick hair, widely used as a treatment and plant ornamental in pots.
B. sensitivum has 10-15 leaves at the top of the stem at a red spot, rachis slender and covered by thick hair. The leaflet has 6-14 pairs, obovate-oval or oblong, 3-15 mm long, 2-7 mm wide, almost symmetrical, usually smooth and sometimes covered with trichomes.
Some flower clusters emerge from the end of the stem with a stalk having a length of 2-7 cm. Some bracts are lancet and are densely arranged at the top of the stem with a 3 mm cluster. Pedicels are 3 mm in fruit but 1 mm when the flowers bloom.
Sepals with trichate septate and size 5-6 mm. Petals are longer than sepals and yellow. The capsule is covered with hair, 4-5 mm long. 3-4 mm wide and ellipsoid-obovoid shaped.
This plant is rich in amentoflavone, cupressuflavone and isoorientin compounds which are widely used as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, radioprotective, chemoprotective, antiangiogenetic, wound healing, immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic and cardioprotective.
TAXON
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Oxalidales
Family: Oxalidaceae
Genus: Biophytum DC. in Prodr. 1: 689 (1824)
Species: Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. in Prodr. 1: 690 (1824)
HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS
Toddavaddia sensitiva (L.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 96 (1891)
Oxalis sensitiva L. in Sp. Pl.: 434 (1753)
HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS
Biophytum candolleanum Wight in Ill. Ind. Bot. 1: 161 (1840)
Biophytum cumingianum (Turcz.) Edgew. & Hook.f. in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 1: 437 (1874)
Biophytum cumingii Klotzsch in W.C.H.Peters, Naturw. Reise Mossambique 6(Bot., 1): 85 (1861)
Biophytum sensitivum var. assamicum Edgew. & Hook.f. (1874)
Biophytum sensitivum var. candolleanum (Wight) Edgew. & Hook.f. (1874)
Biophytum sensitivum var. cumingianum (Turcz.) Edgew. & Hook.f. (1874)
Biophytum sensitivum var. poterioides Edgew. & Hook.f. (1874)
Biophytum sensitivum var. sesbanioides (Edgew. & Hook.f.) Edgew. & Hook.f. (1874)
Biophytum sesbanioides Edgew. & Hook.f. (1874)
Biophytum somnulentum Goebel in Entfaltungsbew. der Pflanzen: 422 (1920)
Oxalis candolleana Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 239 (1841)
Oxalis cumingiana Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(I): 426 (1858)
PUBLICATIONS
Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(1): 1-85. ORSTROM, Bangui.
Govaerts, R. (1996). World Checklist of Seed Plants 2(1, 2): 1-492. MIM, Deurne.
Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.
Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590. Smithsonian Institution.
Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania 30: 1-307.
Lewalle, J. (1970). Liste floristique et répartition altitudinale de la flore du Burundi occidental: 1-84. Université officielle de Bujumbura.
Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.
Maliya, S.D. & Datt, B. (2010). A contribution to the flora of Katarniyaghat wildlife sanctuary, Baharaich district, Uttar Pradesh. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 34: 42-68.
Mao, A.A. & Dash, S.S. (2020). Flowering Plants of India an Annotated Checklist (Dicotyledons) 1: 1-970. Botanical Survey of India.
Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé.
Robyns, W. & al. (eds.) (1948-1963). Flore du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi 1-10.
Sarmah, K.K. & Borthakur, S.K. (2009). A checklist of angiospermic plants of Manas national park in Assam, India. Pleione 3: 190-200.
Sikarwar, R.L.S. (2014). Angiosperm diversity assessment of Chitrakootthe legendary place of Vindhyan range, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 38: 563-619.
Singh, N.P. & al. (eds.) (2002). Flora of Mizoram 1: 1-845. Botanical Survey of India.
Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
Turner, I.M. (1995 publ. 1997). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 347-655.
Van Steenis, C.G.G.J. (ed.) (1971-1976). Flora Malesiana 7: 1-876. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2008). Flora of China 11: 1-622. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
VERNACULAR NAME
Chinese (simplified): 感应草
Chinese (traditional): 羞禮花
English: Krambilan, Little tree plant, Mukkutti
Indonesian: Daun hidup, Krambilan, Rumput krambilan
Java: Krambilan
Aryo Bandoro
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