Gletang or tridax daisy (Tridax procumbens) is a plant species in Asteraceae, annual with spear roots, at first lying down then standing up to 80 cm high, branching since at the base and growing wild in many places that are dry and sunny.
T. procumbens has a tube stem, green or purplish in color and long white hair. The leaves are facing, stemmed, elongated round, 2.5-6 cm long, 2-4.5 cm wide, rough-jagged to pinched, succulent, green and hairy.
Compound flowers in terminal humps, 2.5 cm, and long stems. Bell shaped bandage. Females as 5-6 edge flowers with oval-wide tongue, 3-4 wings and white or pale yellow. The flowers of the discs have a large, dense crowding, hermaphroditus, bright yellow crown and yellow stamens.
Hard fruit has corners, 2 mm thick, dark brown or black, tight hair with 15-20 pappus that are feather-like, strong and pointy. The seeds are spread by various butterflies and winds, quickly becoming weeds but not a serious problem.
This plant grows on dry soil, lots of sun or little shade, especially on sandy and rocky soils, grass fields, dry rice fields, curb or railroad, river banks, sand dunes and abandoned lands on the coast to altitude of 1500 meters.
This plant contains flavonoids, tannins, phytosterols, sitosterols, sterols, pentacyclic triterpenes, steroids, carotenoids, saponins, luteolin, quercetin, fumaric acid. Often used for analgesic, inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, immune modulating and antimicrobial effects, rheumatism, antibiotics, urinary laxatives, fever, influenza, sore throat, hepatitis and gout infections.
TAXON
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Millerieae
Subtribe: Dyscritothamninae
Genus: Tridax L. in Sp. Pl.: 900 (1753)
Species: Tridax procumbens L. in Sp. Pl.: 900 (1753)
HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS
Chrysanthemum procumbens (L.) Sessé & Moc. in Fl. Mexic.: 190 (1894)
HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS
Amellus pedunculatus Ortega ex Willd. in Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. 2: 916 (1809)
Balbisia canescens Rich. ex Pers. in Syn. Pl. 2: 470 (1807)
Balbisia divaricata Cass. in Opusc. Phytol. 3: 91 (1834)
Balbisia elongata Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 3: 2214 (1803)
Balbisia pedunculata Hoffmanns. in Verz. Pfl.-Kult.: 228 (1824)
Tridax procumbens var. canescens (Rich. ex Pers.) DC. in Prodr. 5: 679 (1836)
Tridax procumbens var. ovatifolia B.L.Rob. & Greenm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 32: 7 (1896)
PUBLICATIONS
Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.
Barooah, C. & Ahmed, I. (2014). Plant diversity of Assam. A checklist of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms: 1-599. Assam science technology and environment council, India.
Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
Beentje, H.J. (2021). Flore du Gabon 56: 1-148. Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris; Margraf Publishers, Weikersheim; Meise Botanic Garden.
Ghafoor, A. & al. (2021). Flora of Pakistan 224: 1-310. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
Karthigeyan, K., Pandey, R.P. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2023). Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2: 1-689. Botanical Survey of India. Ministry of environment, forest and climate change.
Kiew, R. & al. (eds.) (2021). Malayan Forest Records 49: 1-403.
Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.
Koyama, H., Bunwong, S., Pornpongrungrueng, P. & Hind, D.J.N. (2016). Flora of Thailand 13(2): 143-428. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.
Liogier, A.H. (1996). Flora de la Española 8: 1-588. Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo.
Lorence, D.H. & Wagnwe, W.L. (2020). Flora of the Marquesas Islands 2: 413-1135. National Tropical Botanic Garden, Smithsonian, DRPF.
Mao, A.A. & Dash, S.S. (2020). Flowering Plants of India an Annotated Checklist (Dicotyledons) 1: 1-970. Botanical Survey of India.
Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
Pruski, J.F. (ed.) (2018). Flora Mesoamericana 5(2): 1-608. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
Rajbhandari, K.R., Rai, S.K. & Chhetri, R. (2024). A Handbook of the Flowering Plants of Nepal 5: 1-432. Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Roskov Y. & al. (eds.) (2018). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Turner, I.M. (1995). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(1): 1-346.
Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
VERNACULAR NAME
Assamese: Kurkuri Bon, Putoli Bon, Tridhara
Bengali: কানাইয়া - কর্ণফুলী - পরদেশী ভাংড়া - ত্রিদক্ষ - ত্রিধারা Kanaiya, Kanaphuli, Pardesi Bhangara, Tridaksa, Tridhara
Chinese (simplified): 羽芒菊長柄菊
Chinese (traditional): 長柄菊 - 羽芒菊 - 中美高
Dogri: Jakhm-Jadi, Tantani
English: Tridax Daisy, Coat buttons
French: Casse-tout-seul, Herbe caille
Garhwali: Kumra
Gujarati: Ghaburi, Panaphad, Pardeshi Bhangaro, Vanarpuch
Hadauti: Barahmasi, Sadaphuli
Haryanvi: Hari Ghash, Sadahari
Hindi: घमरा भाजी - कनफुली - खल मुरिया - कुमरा - ताल मुरिया - त्रिधारा - वानरपूंछ Ghamara Bhaji, Kanphuli, Khal Muriya, Kumra, Tal Muriya, Tridhara, Vaanarpoonch
Igbo: Mbuli
Indonesian: Gletang, Songgolangit
Japanese: コトブキギク
Java: Gletangan, Cemondelan, Gobesan, Londotan, Orang-aring, Prepes, Songgolangit, Randha mopol, Sidawala, Srunen
Kachchhi: Vilati Bhangaro
Kannada: Addike Soppu, Attige Soppu, Gabbu Sanna Shaavanthi, Gonde Soppu, Ilaathi Soppu, Netta Gabbu Shaavanthi, Theeke, Tikke gida, Kari balli
Konkani: Dagadi Paala
Kuli: Bisal Gacha, Kulal Puduga
Madura: Tar-sentaran, Taroto
Malay: Kanching baju
Malayalam: Kumminippacha, Kurikootticheera, Muriyampachila, Otiyancheera, Yilpoocheti, Saanipoovu, Telukkutti, Thelkuthi, Railpoochedi
Marathi: Bandukiche Phul, Dagadi Paala, Ekdandi, Kambarmodi
Mundari: Hochod Tasad, Kulae Buskad, Kulae Puduga, Phutka Ghans, Robrobpuru
Nepali: हुसुरे झार - कुराकुरे झार - पुतली झार - रम्ने झार Husure Jhaar, Kurakure Jhaar, Putalee Jhaar, Ramne Jhaar
Odia: Bhumi Pokasungha, Bhumi poksungo, Bishalya Karani, Bisalya karani
Pahari: Ghamru
Portuguese: Erva-de-touro, Cadillo chisaca
Rajasthani: Ghaav Patta, Kagla Ri Mehndi, Kali Mehndi, Kumru, Sadabahar Runkdi
Russian: Тридакс лежачий
Sanskrit: Jayanti Veda, Kshudra Sevantika
Santali: Handiful, Susumujar, Tridhara
Sinhala: සෙරුප්පඩිතෂායි Seruppaḍitaṣāyi
Spanish: Hierba del toro
Sunda: Katumpang, Ajeran, Jeran, Jotang, Hareuga
Tamil: செருப்படித்தாழை - கெனத்துப்பூண்டு - கிணறுப்பசான் - வெட்டுக்காய-பி-பூண்டு - வெட்டுக்காய-தலை Seruppadithazhai, Kenathuppoondu, Kinarruppacan, Vettukkaya-P-Puntu, Vettukkaaya-Thalai
Telugu: Ravanasurudi talakaai, Nallaku, Balapaaku, Gaayapaaku, Gaddi Chamanthi, Kampu Chemanthi, Palakaaku
Thai: ตีนตุ๊กแก - หญ้าตีนตุ๊กแก
Tswana: moOka
Tulu: Nela Sevanthige
Urdu: Zakhm-E-Hayaat
Aryo Bandoro
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