Tampis (Xiphidium caeruleum) is a plant species in Haemodoraceae, herbaceous perennial, up to 100 cm high, rhizome propagates or collapses which progressively erect into stems, leaves widen to form fans and grow in semi-shady places.
X. caeruleum has leaves that are shiny, green, rippled texture, linear like a sword with a length of 20-50 cm, flattened and arranged overlapping at the base to half of the leaf so that it looks like a fan, parallel threads and young leaves sometimes have soft spines.
Flower buds grow on the tip of an erect panicle, egg-shaped, yellow-brown and will turn white. The blooms are white, small bell-shaped and have 6 sepals. The stamens are yellow and the pistil is white.
Flowers bloom at the end of the rainy season and the change of seasons. Inflorescence arises from the middle of the top leaves, branches to more than 20 branches. Each branch contains up to 25 buds that bloom alternately.
Pollination is assisted by ants, bees or birds. Young fruits are green then red and eventually turn brown to dry out. Reproduction using seeds or the base of rhizomes and flower stalks that produce shoots.
This species grows at an elevation of 0-2000 meters. Easily adaptable to a very wide range of conditions, shaded and open areas. Likes moist soil and does not tolerate waterlogging. Plants contain phenylphenalones, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Often used to treat worm infections that cause crooked legs.
TAXON
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Commelinales
Family: Haemodoraceae
Genus: Xiphidium Aubl. in Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 33 (1775)
Species: Xiphidium caeruleum Aubl. in Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 33 (1775)
HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS
Xiphidium floribundum var. caeruleum (Aubl.) Hook.f. in Bot. Mag. 84: t. 5055 (1858)
HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS
Ornithogalum rubrum Ruiz & Pav. ex D.Don in Edinburgh New Philos. J. 1832(Oct.): 235 (1832)
Excremis scabra Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 316 (1898)
Xiphidium albidum Lam. in Tabl. Encycl. 1: 131 (1791)
Xiphidium album Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 1: 248 (1797)
Xiphidium caeruleum var. albidum Backer in Handb. Fl. Java 3: 80 (1924)
Xiphidium floribundum Sw. in Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ.: 17 (1788)
Xiphidium floribundum var. albiflorum Hook.f. in Bot. Mag. 84: t. 5055 (1858)
Xiphidium fockeanum Miq. in Linnaea 17: 63 (1843)
Xiphidium giganteum Lindl. in Edwards's Bot. Reg. 32: t. 66 (1846)
Xiphidium loeflingii Mutis in Diario 2: 51 (1958)
Xiphidium rubrum D.Don in Edinburgh New Philos. J. 1832(Oct.): 235 (1832)
Ixia xiphidium Loefl. in Iter Hispan.: 179 (1758)
PUBLICATIONS
Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2005). Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 52: 1-415.
Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Govaerts, R. (2004). World Checklist of Monocotyledons Database in ACCESS: 1-54382. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
Villaseñor, J.L. (2016). Checklist of the native vascular plants of Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 559-902.
VERNACULAR NAME
Bengali: ট্যাম্পিস Ṭyāmpisa
Burmese: တမ်ပီစ်
English: Tampis, Fan orchid, Palmita, Poderosa
Hindi: टैम्पिस Taimpis
Indonesia: Tampis, Kipas malaikat, Anggrek kipas
Java: Tampis
Khmer: តាមពីស
Lao: ແທມປິສ
Melayu: Anggrek kipas
Nepal: ट्याम्पिस Ṭyāmpisa
Sinhala: ටැම්පිස් ṭæmpis
Tamil: டாம்பிஸ் Ṭāmpis
Thai: แทมปิส
Urdu: ٹیمپیس timpes
Vietnam: Lá quạt thiên thần
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