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Little ironweed (Cyanthillium cinereum)

Dlium Little ironweed (Cyanthillium cinereum)

Maryuna or little ironweed (Cyanthillium cinereum) is a plant species in the Asteraceae, herbaceous perennial rarely branched, stems upright, up to 30 cm tall, slender, ribbed linear, smooth and glandular pilose, dark green and white speckled.

C. cinereum has leaves arranged alternately, the leaves on the lower stem are more periole, while those on the upper stem are smaller and sessile, oval or widest around or above the middle and tapering to each end, finely serrated, dense or less hairy.



Flowers far outnumber involucres, growing in panicles around a long, branching stalk and each branch having a flower at the end. The flowers are bright purple or pink or white, more than 25 flowers per plant, 6-7 mm long, 2.5 mm in diameter, open and loose corymbs.

The pappus has temporary hair, dentate, 3-5 mm long. Phyllaries are very sharp. Involucre 4-seriate, 4-5 mm long, pubescent bract, often purple, narrow pellucid rim and lanceolate.

The fruits are slightly oblong with 4-5 ribs, but not conspicuously angled, white hair, 1.5-2 mm long, inner pappus hairs 4-5 mm long and very short on the outside.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Cichorioideae
Tribe: Vernonieae
Subtribe: Erlangeinae
Genus: Cyanthillium Blume in Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 889 (1826)
Species: Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob. in Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 103: 252 (1990)
Variety: Cyanthillium cinereum var. cinereum, Cyanthillium cinereum var. glabriusculum (DC.) Karthik. & Moorthy, Cyanthillium cinereum var. lanatum (J.Kost.) Ghafoor, Cyanthillium cinereum var. linifolium (Blume) Karthik. & Moorthy, Cyanthillium cinereum var. ludens (C.B.Clarke) Karthik. & Moorthy, Cyanthillium cinereum var. parviflorum (Reinw. ex Blume) Karthik. & Moorthy, Cyanthillium cinereum var. pinnatifidum Ghafoor, Cyanthillium cinereum var. ugandense (C.Jeffrey) Isawumi, Cyanthillium cinereum var. viale (DC.) Isawumi

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Cacalia cinerea (L.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 323 (1891)
Conyza cinerea L. in Sp. Pl.: 862 (1753)
Seneciodes cinereum (L.) Kuntze in Lex. Gen. Phan.: 515 (1903)
Serratula cinerea (L.) Roxb. in Hort. Bengal.: 60 (1814)
Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. in Linnaea 4: 291 (1829)

PUBLICATIONS

Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.

Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.

Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2006). Flora of North America North of Mexico 19: 1-579. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.

Funk, V.A., P.E.Berry, S.Alexander, T.H.Hollowell & C.L.Kelloff (2007). Checklist of the Plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 55: 1-584.

Ghafoor, A. & al. (2021). Flora of Pakistan 224: 1-310. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.

Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 2: 865-1712. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.

Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.

Karthigeyan, K., Pandey, R.P. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2023). Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2: 1-689. Botanical Survey of India. Ministry of environment, forest and climate change.

Koyama, H., Bunwong, S., Pornpongrungrueng, P. & Hind, D.J.N. (2016). Flora of Thailand 13(2): 143-428. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.

Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.

Robinson, H. & Funk, V. (2018). 190(1). Compositae-Vernonieae. Flora of Ecuador 94: 1-128. Gothenburg University.

Sarder, N.U. & Hassan, M.A. (eds.) (2018). Vascular flora of Chittagong and the Chittagong Hill Tracts 3: 1-978. Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka.

Tanaka, N. & al. (2020). Vascular plants collected from Eastern Provinces, the Solomon islands. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series B (Botany) 46: 145-175.

Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.

VERNACULAR NAME

Bengali: কুকসিম Kukshim
Burmese: သံမဏိပင်လေး
Chinese (simplified): 夜香牛
Chinese (traditional): 一枝香 - 夜香牛
English: Little ironweed, Maryuna, Vernonia
Filipino: Kolong-kugon, Agas-moro, Bulak-manok
French: Vernonie cendrée, Herbe le rhum, Herbe goni
Gujarati: Sadori
Hindi: सहदेवी - सदोदी - दाउदोत्पाल Sahadevi, Sadodi, Daudotpala
Indonesia: Sawi langit, Maryuna
Japanese: ムラサキムカシヨモギ
Java: Maryuna, Nyawon, Pidak bangkong
Kannada: Sahadevi, Karehindi, Dandotpala, Gaayadoppalu
Khmer: ស្មៅដែកតូច
Lao: ຫຍ້າເຫຼັກນ້ອຍ
Malayalam: Pirina, Poovamkurunnal, Poovamkurunnila, Poovamkurunthala, Puvamkozhinjal, Puvankurunal
Malaysia: Rumput tahi babi, Tambak-tambak
Maluku: Buyung-buyung, Rumput ekor kuda
Manipuri: Khongjai napi, Khongjainapi
Marathi: Sahadevi, Sadodi
Nepali: मर्च झायर Marchaa Jhaar
Oria: Badi poksunga, Poka sungo
Oriya: Biranji
Palauan: Etngeong, Edngeong
Sanskrit: Sahadevi
Sinhala: මොනර කුඩුම්බිය Monara kudumbiya
Sunda: Sasawi langit, Sirangak
Tamil: புவம்குருந்தல் - சிறுசெங்கலநீர் Puvamkuruntal, Sirusengalaneer
Telugu: Sahadevi chettu, Gariti kamini, Gariti kamma
Ternate: Gofu mutiara
Thai: หญ้าละออง - หมอน้อย

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