Scarlet sage (Salvia coccinea) is a plant species in Lamiaceae, a perennial shrub, upright, up to 122 cm tall, angular, multi-branched, green or blackish green in color, hairy and flowers at the end of the stem in successive bunches.
S. coccinea has leaves in the shape of a heart or arrowhead, up to 7.6 cm long, 5.1 cm wide, blunt base, sharp tip, jagged border, has a bone in the middle with many branching veins, green upper side , the underside is lighter green and has thick hair.
The flowers have a variety of colors, usually bright red or white, vary in size and have a stalk. Some varieties have a tube shape with a whitish red tongue, 3.2 cm long and a fin on the underside. Flowers are pollinated by birds and butterflies.
This species grows wild in forests, agricultural areas, edge of waterways, edge of roads and neglected areas. Often cultivated in urban green areas and private gardens. Cultivated varieties include orange-red, pink, salmon, red, white, and dark red, as well as two-color varieties.
TAXON
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Subfamily: Nepetoideae
Tribe: Mentheae
Subtribe: Salviinae
Genus: Salvia L. in Sp. Pl.: 23 (1753)
Subgenus: Calosphace
Section: Subrotundae
Species: Salvia coccinea Buc'hoz ex Etl. in Salv.: 23 (1777)
Varieties: Salvia coccinea var. coccinea, Salvia coccinea var. pseudo-coccinea
HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS
Horminum coccineum (Buc'hoz ex Etl.) Moench in Methodus: 377 (1794)
HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS
Salvia ciliata Benth. in Labiat. Gen. Spec.: 286 (1833)
Salvia coccinea L.f. in Suppl. Pl.: 88 (1782)
Salvia coccinea var. minima Fernald in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 35: 551 (1900)
Salvia coccinea f. pseudococcinea (Jacq.) Voss in Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 839 (1895)
Salvia coccinea var. pseudococcinea (Jacq.) A.Gray in Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): 368 (1886)
Salvia coccinea pumila Barr & Sugden in Nursery Cat. (Barr & Son) 1866(Autumn): 4 (1866)
Salvia filamentosa Tausch in Flora 25: 282 (1842)
Salvia galeottii M.Martens in Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11(2): 75 (1844)
Salvia glaucescens Pohl in Pl. Bras. Icon. Descr. 2: t. 192 (1833)
Salvia mollissima M.Martens & Galeotti in Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11(2): 71 (1844)
Salvia pseudococcinea Jacq. in Collectanea 2: 302 (1789)
Salvia rosea Vahl in Enum. Pl. Obs. 1: 244 (1804)
Salvia superba E.Vilm. in Fl. Pleine Terre: 769 (1863)
PUBLICATIONS
Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
Arbo, M.M. & al. (2018). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 20(1): 1-488. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.
Baker, R.E.D. in Williams, R.O. (1955). Labiatae. Flora of Trinidad and Tobago 2(6): 421-435. Government Printing Office, Port-of-Spain.
Bramley, G.L.C. (2019). Flora Malesiana 23: 1-444. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (2012). Flora Mesoamericana 4(2): 1-533. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia 41: 41-82.
Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Hedberg, I., Kelbessa, E., Edwards, S., Demissew, S. & Persson, E. (eds.) (2006). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 5: 1-690. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Khanam, M. & Hassan, M.A. (2008). Lamiaceae. Flora of Bangladesh 58: 1-161. Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka.
López Patiño, E.J., Szeszko, D.R., Rascala Pérez, J. & Beltrán Retis, A.S. (2012). The flora of the Tenacingo-Malinalco-Zumpahuacán protected natural area, state of Mexico, Mexico. Harvard Papers in Botany 17: 65-167.
Mabberley, D.J. & De Kok, R.P.J. (2004). Labiatae. Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances 25: 20-141. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
Martínez-Gordillo, M. & al. (2019). Flora del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Lamiaceae: 1-233. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Muer, T., Sauerbier, H. & Cabrara Calixto, F. (2020). Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Madeiras: 1-792. Verlag und Versandbuchhandlung Andreas Kleinsteuber.
Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
O'Leary, N. & Moroni, P. (2016). Las especies de Salvia (Lamiaceae) para Argentina. Darwiniana, n.s., 4: 91-131.
Paton, A.J., Bramley, G., Ryding, O., Polhill, R., Harvey, Y., Iwarsson, M., Willis, F., Phillipson, P., Balkwill, K., Lukhoba, C., Otiend, D & Harley (2009). Lamiaceae (Labiatae). Flora of Tropical East Africa: 1-430.
Paton, A.J., Bramley, G., Ryding, O., Polhill, R.M., Harvey, Y.B., Iwarsson, M., Otieno, D., Balkwill, K., Phillipson, P.B., Harley, R.M. & Willis, F. (2013). Flora Zambesiaca 8(8): 1-346. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Rajbhandari, K.R., Rai, S.K. & Chhetri, R. (2022). A Handbook of the Flowering Plants of Nepal 4: 1-522. Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Smith, A.C. (1991). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 5: 1-626. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.
Welsh, S.L. (1998). Flora Societensis: 1-420. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.
Wood, J.R.I. (2007). The Salvias (Lamiaceae) of Bolivia. Kew Bulletin 62: 177-222.
VERNACULAR NAME
Afrikaans: Maksalie, Rooisalie, Vra-vir-pa
Chinese (simplified): 红花鼠尾草
Chinese (traditional): 朱唇 - 紅花鼠尾草
Czech: šalvěj šarlatová
Danish: Skarlagensalvie
English: Scarlet sage, Tropical sage, Red salvia, Blood sage, Scarlet salvia
Finnish: Punasalvia
French: Sauge écarlate
German: Blut-Salbei, Scharlachroter Salbei
Hawaiian: Lililehua
Indonesian: Lamber merah
Japanese: ベニバナタムラソウ
Java: Lamber abang
Lithuanian: Skaisčiažiedis šalavijas
Melayu: Bibir merah
Minang: Bibia merah
Russian: Шалфей ярко-красный
Slovak: šalvia šarlátová
Spanish: Aceitilla extranjera, Mirto coral
Sunda: Biwir beureum
Swedish: Scharlakanssalvia
Thai: ซัลเวียแดง
Turkish: kızıl ada çayı
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