Fulvous flat butterfly (Pseudocoladenia dan) is a species of butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae. It is an arboreal butterfly, characterized by its dark brown or reddish-brown coloration and greenish-white spots on the forewings. Possessing a densely hairy body, it inhabits shaded shrubbery and low-growing trees within forested areas and agricultural landscapes.
The upperside is reddish-brown. The forewing features three small, semi-transparent white spots near the apex, situated not far from the costa; the middle spot is the smallest and is positioned slightly further inward. One or both of the lower spots may occasionally be absent. There is a large, semi-transparent spot within the discal cell, near its end—the inner edge of this spot is square, while the outer edge is concave. A smaller spot is located between this large spot and the costal margin.
Further down, there is a small, rounded spot near the base of the second median space, and a larger, rounded spot in the center of the first median space. One or two very small spots may also be present below these, within the interno-median space. All of these spots exhibit a faint yellowish hue and vary significantly in size. In some individuals, the large, concave spot within the discal cell may be divided into two, appear only as a small, rounded spot just below the subcostal vein near the end of the cell, or be entirely absent.
There are several faint, brownish markings on the wings: one in the interno-median space (proximal to the center), a series of interconnected markings across the discal area, and a subtle band running along the outer margin.
The hindwing features a brown spot at the end of the discal cell, a band of brown spots across the discal area (following the curvature of the outer margin), and a band along the wing's edge. The cilia (fringe scales) along the margins of both wings are brown. The underside of the wings resembles the upperside, though the coloration is more muted. The pattern on the forewing is similar to that on the upperside. On the hindwing, the brown bands appear slightly more distinct. A spot within the wing cell is flanked by brown spots on either side, with one additional brown spot located near the base of the wing.
TAXON
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota
Order: Lepidoptera
Superfamily: Papilionoidea
Family: Hesperiidae
Subfamily: Pyrginae
Tribe: Celaenorrhinini
Genus: Pseudocoladenia Shirôzu & Saigusa (1962)
Species: Pseudocoladenia dan Fabricius (1787)
SYNONYMS
Coladenia dan
VERNACULAR NAME
Bengali: জারাদ পাইকান
Chinese (simplified): 黄襟弄蝶 - 大襟弄蝶
Chinese (traditional): 黃襟弄蝶 - 八仙山弄蝶 - 丹黃斑挵蝶
English: Fulvous Pied Flat
Hindi: कवडा प्रतल
Indonesia: Kupu-kupu kayu
Italian: Pezzata fulva
Java: Kupu kayu
Thai: ผีเสื้อลายด่างตาลแดง
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