Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a plant species in Convolvulaceae, perennial vines, leaves alternate, varying in shape from heart or curved to finger, medium sized simppetal flowers and trumpet-shaped.

I. batatas has a stem that crawls on the ground, is cylindrical, 0.5-4 meters long, some cultivars form shoots up to 16 meters long and form adventitious roots in knots. Leaves grow along the stem. The petiole is 5 to 20 inches long.



Leaf shapes vary widely, 5-13 cm in length, from liver or kidney to egg, round or triangular to spearhead, intact, toothed or often three to seven times curved, cut or divided with rounded to sharp ends, green to purple in color.

Hermaphrodite flower, 5 folds, short, zymous stalk that emerges from the axillary and stands upright. The sepals are small elongated, tapering to a point and 7-15 mm long, usually fine hair. The crown is trumpet-shaped, 4-7 cm long, folded with a shorter end.

Edible roots of tubers are elongated and tapered with smooth yellow or orange or red or brown or purple or cream skin. White or yellow cultivars have a less sweet and moist taste than red or pink or orange.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Solanales
Family: Convolvulaceae
Subfamily: Convolvuloideae
Tribe: Ipomoeeae
Genus: Ipomoea L. in Sp. Pl.: 159 (1753)
Species: Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. in Tabl. Encycl. 1: 465 (1793)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Batatas batatas (L.) H.Karst. in Deut. Fl.: 973 (1882)
Convolvulus batatas L. in Sp. Pl.: 154 (1753)
Convolvulus esculentus Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 123 (1796)
Solanum batatas (L.) Aikman in Barham, Hort. Amer.: 222, 153 (1794)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Batatas betacea Lindl. in Edwards's Bot. Reg. 25(Misc.): 93 (1839)
Batatas edulis (Thunb.) Choisy in Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 6: 435 (1833 publ. 1834)[Conv. Or.: 53]
Batatas edulis var. erythrorrhiza Voigt in Hort. Suburb. Calcutt.: 353 (1845)
Batatas edulis var. leucorrhiza Voigt (1845)
Batatas edulis var. porphyrorhiza (Griseb.) Ram.Goyena in Fl. Nicarag. 2: 649 (1911)
Batatas edulis var. xanthorhiza Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 338 (1845)
Batatas wallii C.Morren in Ann. Soc. Roy. Agric. Gand 2: 285 (1846)
Batatas xanthorhiza Bojer in Hortus Maurit.: 225 (1837)
Convolvulus apiculata M.Martens & Galeotti in Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 12(9): 262 (1845)
Convolvulus attenuatus M.Martens & Galeotti (1845)
Convolvulus batata Vell. in Fl. Flumin.: 73 (1829)
Convolvulus chrysorrhizus Sol. ex G.Forst. in Pl. Esc.: 55 (1786)
Convolvulus edulis Vell. (1829)
Convolvulus edulis Thunb. in J.A.Murray (ed.), Syst. Nat., ed. 14.: 203 (1784)
Convolvulus fastigiatus Roxb. in Fl. Ind. 2: 48 (1824)
Convolvulus platanifolius Vahl in Symb. Bot. 3: 26 (1794)
Convolvulus septangularis Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2. 1: 411 (1840)
Convolvulus tuberifer Steud. (1840)
Convolvulus tuberosus Vell. (1829)
Convolvulus tuxtlensis Sessé & Moc. in Fl. Mexic.: 37 (1893)
Convolvulus variabilis Schltdl. & Cham. in Linnaea 5: 116 (1830)
Convolvulus varius Vell. (1829)
Ipomoea batatas var. batatas
Ipomoea batatas var. caespitosa Makino ex H.Hara in Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon.: 165 (1948)
Ipomoea batatas var. cannabina Hallier f. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 37 (1899)
Ipomoea batatas var. dissoluta Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 442 (1891)
Ipomoea batatas var. edulis (Thunb.) Makino in T.Makino & K.Nemoto, Fl. Japan (Nippon-Shokubutsu-Sōran): 476 (1925)
Ipomoea batatas var. erythrorrhiza (Voigt) M.R.Almeida in Fl. Maharashtra 3B: 321 (2001)
Ipomoea batatas var. fastigiata (Sweet) Kuntze (1891)
Ipomoea batatas var. indivisa Griseb. ex Meisn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 7: 282 (1869)
Ipomoea batatas var. leucorrhiza Griseb. in Fl. Brit. W. I.: 468 (1862)
Ipomoea batatas var. leucorrhiza (Voigt) M.R.Almeida (2001)
Ipomoea batatas var. lobata Gagnep. & Courchet in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 4: 241 (1915)
Ipomoea batatas var. porphyrorhiza Griseb. (1862)
Ipomoea batatas var. subscandens Kuntze (1891)
Ipomoea batatas f. trifida Moldenke in Phytologia 2: 224 (1947)
Ipomoea batatas var. xanthorhiza (Choisy) Meisn. (1869)
Ipomoea catesbaei G.Mey. in Prim. Fl. Esseq.: 113 (1818)
Ipomoea chrysorrhiza Hook.f. in Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 2: 760 (1867)
Ipomoea confertiflora Standl. in Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 461: 83 (1935)
Ipomoea davidsoniae Standl. in Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 98 (1940)
Ipomoea edulis Niederl. in Bol. Mens. Mus. Prod. Argent. 3(29): 190 (1890)
Ipomoea edulis (Thunb.) Makino in Y.Iinuma, Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 3. 1: 293 (1907)
Ipomoea fastigiata Sweet in Sweet's Hort. Brit.: 288 (1826)
Ipomoea fastigiata var. ciliata Huber in Bol. Mus. Paraense Hist. Nat. Ethnogr. 2: 512 (1898)
Ipomoea fastigiata var. platanifolia (Vahl) Griseb. (1862)
Ipomoea indica var. variabilis (Schltdl. & Cham.) L.O.Williams in Fieldiana, Bot. 32: 191 (1970)
Ipomoea involucrata F.Dietr. in Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 4: 130 (1818)
Ipomoea mucronata Schery in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 463 (1941)
Ipomoea platanifolia (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. in Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 4: 220 (1819)
Ipomoea purpusii House in Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 18: 248 (1908)
Ipomoea tiliacea var. merremioides Fosberg in Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 21: 14 (1975)
Ipomoea tiliacea var. smithii Fosberg (1975)
Ipomoea variabilis (Schltdl. & Cham.) Choisy (1845)
Ipomoea villosa Ruiz & Pav. in Fl. Peruv. 2: 12 (1799)
Ipomoea villosa var. genuina Hallier f. in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. 16(Beih. 3): 53 (1898 publ. 1899)
Ipomoea vulsa House in Muhlenbergia 3: 45 (1907)
Ipomoea wallii (C.Morren) Godm. & Salvin in Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 599 (1882)
Pharbitis villosa (Ruiz & Pav.) G.Don in Gen. Hist. 4: 263 (1837)
Dioscorea cylindrica Burm.f. in Fl. Indica: 315 (1768)

PUBLICATIONS

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VERNACULAR NAME

Angami: Rophie
Anhui: 红芋
Arabic: بطاطا حلوة
Assamese: Mitha alu
Azerbaijani: Qramafonçiçək batat
Beijing: 白薯
Bengali: মৌ আলু - মিষ্টি আলু - রানা আলু - রাঙ্গা আলু Mau alu, Mishti alu, Rana alu, Ranga alu
Bunun: Utan
Burmese: မြွန်နီ - ကန်ချွမ်နူး Myonk-ni, Kaanhcwannu
Cantonese: 番薯
Changsha: 红薯
Chinese (simplified): 番薯 - 地瓜 - 白薯 - 红苕 - 山芋 - 红薯 - 红芋 - 紫薯
Chinese (traditional): 番薯 - 甘薯 - 地瓜 - 蕃薯 - 甘藷
Chol: Agcum
Chongqing: 红苕
Czech: Povijnice batátová
Danish: Sød kartoffel
Dogri: Shakarkandi
Dutch: Bataat, Zoete aardappel
English: Kumara, Sweet potato, Sweetpotato
Filipino: Kamote, Kamuti
Finnish: Bataatti
French: Patate douce
German: Süßkartoffel
Guizhou: 红苕
Gujarati: Raktalu, Ratalu, Shakkariyam
Hebrew: לפופית נאכלת - בטטה
Henan: 红薯
Hengyang: 红薯
Hindi: शकर कींडी - मीठा आलू - शकरकंद - शकरकंडी - मीठा आलू Shakar kendi, Mitha alu, Shakarkand, Shakarakandee, Meetha aaloo
Hong Kong: 番薯
Indonesia: Ubi jalar, Ketela rambat, Ubi Rambat, Ubi manis, Ubi jawa, Ubi jenderal, Petatas, Kentang manis
Italian: Patata dolce
Japan: サツマイモ - カンショ - アメリカイモ - 薩摩芋
Java: Telo rambat
Jiangsu: 山芋
Kannada: Genasu gedde, Shakar kendi, Seegenasu, Sihi genasu, Gelasu, Gezhasu
Khmer: ដាមល៉ុង ឆវីអ៊ី Dâmlông chvië
Konkani: Chinikananga, Kananga
Korean: 고구마
Lao: ແມນຄິວ - ແມນຕັນລົດຕູ້ Man kèw, Manton van
Lithuanian: Batatinis sukutis
Macao: 番薯
Malayalam: Cakkarakkilangu, Chinakkilangu, Madhurakkilangu, Marakkilangu, Vallikkilangu, Cheenikizhangu, Chakkarakizhangu, Kappakizhangu, Madurakizhangu, Mathurakizhangu, Sarkarakizhangu
Malaysia: Ubi keladi, Ubi keladek
Manipuri: Mangra
Maori: Kūmara
Marathi: Ratale
Mizo: Bahra thlum, Kâwl ba-hra
Nepali: चकुही - कण्डमुला - सक्खर खण्ड Chakuhi, Kandamula, Sakkhar khand
Oceania: Kaukau, Kaema
Odia: Kandamula, Kiri, Kiti, Shakara kanda
Oria: Kandumulo
Otomí: Becua
Palauan: Chemutii
Pashto: خواګه کچالو Khwaga kachalo
PNG: Kaukau, Kaema
Polish: Batat, Wilec ziemniaczany
Portuguese: Batata-doce
Punjabi: Shakarkandi
Russian: Батат
Sanskrit: Kiri, Kiti, Kitimulabha, Sukari, Varahi, Vrddhida
Santali: Sakarkenda
Shanghai: 山芋
Shanxi: 红薯
Sichuan: 红苕
Sindhi: Gajar lahorei
Sinhala: බතල
Slovak: Povojník jedlý
Spanish: Batata, Camote morado
Sunda: Huwi boled
Swedish: Batat
Tagalog: Kamote
Taiwan: 番薯
Tamil: சர்க்காரவல்லி - கிழங்கு - கார்க்கரை வள்ளி - சினி-க்-கிழங்கு - வர்றலை - தங்குல் - மெய்தேபாய் Sarkaravalli, Kilangu, Carkkarai valli, Cini-k-kilanku, Varralai
Tangkhul: Meiteipai
Telugu: Chilagadadumpa, Genasu gadda, Kanda gadda, Mohanamu, Thella
dumpa, Chelagada
Teso: Acok
Thai: มันเทศ
Tianjin: 白薯
Tulu: Kerengu
Turkish: Tatlı patates
Ukrainian: Батат
Urdu: شکرقند - میٹھا آلو Shakar kand, Metha aalo
Vietnam: Khoai lang
Yiddish: זיסע קארטאפל
Yongzhou: 红薯
Zhejiang: 山芋

Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
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