China knotweed (Persicaria chinensis) is a species of plant in the Polygonaceae, a shrub with stems growing on the ground or climbing, oval-shaped leaves, flowers appear at the end of the stem, round fruit and often grows in the shade.
P. chinensis has cylindrical stems, 2-3 m long, branched, green or red or brown with linear lines, creeping along the ground or climbing on a support.
Leaves are oval or elongated, 4-8 cm long, 3-5 cm wide, base flat, tip pointed, margin flat, a main vein in the middle with several small pinnate veins, upper side dark green or reddish and often has colored markings silver and brown that make up the arrow.
Flowers appear at the end of the stem, 5-7 cm long with small white or pink flowers. The fruit is a berry, round in shape and covered in petals which enlarges and becomes fleshy when ripe. Seeds are small and black.
TAXON
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Polygonaceae
Subfamily: Polygonoideae
Tribe: Persicarieae
Subtribe: Persicariinae
Genus: Persicaria Mill. in Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4.: [s.p.] (1754)
Species: Persicaria chinensis (L.) H.Gross in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 269 (1913)
Varieties: Persicaria chinensis var. chinensis, Persicaria chinensis var. hispida (Hook.f.) Kantachot, Persicaria chinensis var. ovalifolia (Meisn.) H.Hara
HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS
Ampelygonum chinense (L.) Lindl. in Edwards's Bot. Reg. 24(Misc.): 62 (1838)
Cephalophilon chinense (L.) Borodina in Konsp. Sosud. Rast. Fl. V'etnama 2: 145 (1996)
Polygonum chinense L. in Sp. Pl.: 363 (1753)
PUBLICATIONS
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Chayamarit, K. & Balslev, H. (2018). Flora of Thailand 14(1): 1-184. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.
Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2005). Flora of North America North of Mexico 5: 1-656. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
Grierson, A.J.C. & Long, D.G. (1983). Flora of Bhutan 1(1): 1-186. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
Karthigeyan, K., Pandey, R.P. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2023). Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2: 1-689. Botanical Survey of India. Ministry of environment, forest and climate change.
Kumar, S. (2012). Herbaceous flora of Jaunsar-Bawar (Uttarkhand), India: enumerations. Phytotaxonomy 12: 33-56.
Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.
Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
Park, C.W. (ed.) (2018). Flora of Korea 3: 1-131. National Institute of Biological Resources.
Qaiser, M. (2001). Flora of Pakistan 205: 1-190. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
Rajbhandari, K.R., Rai, S.K. & Chhetri, R. (2021). A Handbook of the Flowering Plants of Nepal 3: 1-331. Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Turner, I.M. (1995 publ. 1997). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 347-655.
Wiriadinata, H., Girmansyah, D., Hunter, J.M., Hoover, W.S. & Kartawinata, K. (2013). Floristic study of West Sumbawa, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 13: 391-404.
VERNACULAR NAME
Angami: Garie
Assamese: Madhu soleng, Kelnap
Chinese (simplified): 火炭母
Chinese (traditional): 火炭母草 - 火炭母
English: China knotweed, Chinese knotweed, Rice smartweed, Creeping smartweed
French: Persicaire de Chine
Guangdong: 火炭母草 - 火炭母
Hindi: जंगली पालक Jangalee paalak
Hong Kong: 火炭母草 - 火炭母
Indonesian: Aseman
Japanese: ツルソバ
Java: Aseman
Kannada: Sorale
Khasi: Jaryndem
Konkani: Ransisori
Korean: 덩굴모밀
Laos: ແຊມ ໂຄຍ aesm okhny
Macao: 火炭母草 - 火炭母
Malayalam: Poovallikodi, Mudanthi, Oduthan, Thiruthanni, piripu
Malaysia: Pokok semuloh
Manipuri: Angom yensil, Leibung tharam
Marathi: Paral
Mizo: Taham, thaham
Nepal: कुकुर थोत्ने Kukur thotne
Russian: Горец китайский
Taiwan: 火炭母草 - 火炭母
Telugu: Malle mutyamu
Thai: พญาดง
Aryo Bandoro
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