Night bells (Brugmansia suaveolens) is a species of plant in the Solanaceae, a shrub or small tree with a woody stem and many branches, 3-5 meters high, large leaves with a dense canopy, trumpet-shaped flowers and yellow or white in color.
B. suaveolens has green, deciduous, alternate, petiolate leaves up to 12.2 cm long and simple, ovate-lanceolate, 35 cm long, 20 cm wide, margins flat or slightly wavy, apex acutely pointed, base asymmetrical and pointed. The lower surface is covered in multicellular trichomes which are generally on the main leaf veins and are paler green than the upper ones.
Trumpet-shaped flowers, up to 36 cm long, yellow or white or red and hanging downwards. The crown is slightly curved to 5 points, but the apex often curves outward and rarely rolls back, the apex is short 1-2.5 cm long.
Flowers axillary, fragrant, solitary, pedicels up to 5 cm long and covered with multicellular trichomes. Calyx gamosepalous, 5-lobed, tube up to 7 cm long, acute-accuminate lobe up to 3 cm long, up to 1.5 cm wide, green and hairless.
Corolla infundibuliform, 5 lobes, tube length up to 36 cm, maximum diameter at the apex up to 17.5 cm. Slightly curved acute apiculate tip, up to 1.3 cm long, bright white-orange color, pale green, hairy veins especially at the base.
Stamens inside the corolla, the filaments are attached to the corolla tube, the anthers are attached and attached between them, forming a short sheath around the style. Ovary 2-locular, measuring 5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, with a long style up to 25.5 cm and an elongated stigma.
The fruit is a cylindrical capsule, 15 cm long, has two chambers, thick skin and is green. Peduncle up to 6 cm. The thick-skinned seeds resemble corks, are white or gray in color and are about 1 cm long.
This species grow along river banks and forest edges, where humidity is high and rainfall is high. Fragrant at night to attract pollinating moths, the flowers hang half-closed during the day, but open again at night.
This plant contains alkaloids (scopolamine, atropine, and hyoscyamine) scopolamine, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, and polyphenols. Often used to treat stomach aches, anti-inflammatory activity, anticholinergic effects and anesthetic agent for external use.
TAXON
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Solanales
Family: Solanaceae
Subfamily: Solanoideae
Tribe: Datureae
Genus: Brugmansia Pers. in Syn. Pl. 1: 216 (1805)
Species: Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Sweet
HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS
Datura suaveolens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. in Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol.: 227 (1809)
Pseudodatura suaveolens (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Zijp in Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 80(1): 24 (1920)
HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS
Datura arborea Mart. in Flora 24(2 Beibl.): 111 (1841)
Datura gardneri Hook. in Bot. Mag. 72: t. 4252 (1846)
Datura suaveolens var. macrocalyx Sendtn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 10: 161 (1846)
PUBLICATIONS
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Bikandu, B., Lukoki, F. & Habari, J.P. (2020). Flore d'Afrique Centrale (Zaire-rwanda-Burundi) Solanaceae: 1-162. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique.
Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.
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Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
Govaerts, R. (1996). World Checklist of Seed Plants 2(1, 2): 1-492. MIM, Deurne.
Grierson, A.J.C. & Long, D.G. (2001). Flora of Bhutan 2: 1-1675. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2015). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Volumen VIII. Dicotyledóneas (Sabiaceae-Zygophyllaceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 131: 1-657. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Hay, A., Gottschalk, M. & Holguín, A. (2012). Huanduj. Brugmansia: 1-424. Florilegium, Glebe, Australia.
Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
Hợp, V.V. (2017). Thực Vật Chí Việt Nam. Flora of Vietnam 17: 1-324. Nhà xuất bản khoa học và kỹ thuật, Hà Nội.
Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Kalema, J. & Beentje, H. (2012). Conservation checklist of the trees of Uganda: 1-235. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Khan, M.S. & Mia, C. (2002). Flora of Bangladesh 53: 1-48. Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka.
Lê, T.C. (2005). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 3: 1-1248. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.
López Patiño, E.J., Szeszko, D.R., Rascala Pérez, J. & Beltrán Retis, A.S. (2012). The flora of the Tenacingo-Malinalco-Zumpahuacán protected natural area, state of Mexico, Mexico. Harvard Papers in Botany 17: 65-167.
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Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
Rajbhandari, K.R., Rai, S.K. & Chhetri, R. (2022). A Handbook of the Flowering Plants of Nepal 4: 1-522. Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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Smith, A.C. (1991). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 5: 1-626. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
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Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.
Troupin, G. (ed.) (1985). Flora du Rwanda 3: 1-729. Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
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VERNACULAR NAME
Bali: Kecubung wengi
Chinese (simplified): 大花曼陀罗
Chinese (traditional): 大花曼陀羅
Danish: Almindelig engletrompet
English: Night trumpet, Night bells, Angel's tears, Snowy angel's trumpet
Filipino: Trumpeta sa gabi
Finnish: Kellopasuuna
French: Trompette des anges blanche
Guangdong: 大花曼陀羅
Hindi: नशा - रात्रि तुरही - नशा - नशा Dhatura, Raatri turahee, Nasha, Dhatura
Hong Kong: 大花曼陀羅 Chinese (traditional)
Indonesian: Terompet malam, Kecubung Gunung
Japanese: オオバナチョウセンアサガオ - キダチチョウセンアサガオ
Java: Trompet wengi, Kecubung wengi, Cubung wengi
Lithuanian: Kvapioji brugmansija
Macao: 大花曼陀羅
Malayalam: Ummata
Manipuri: Sagol hidak
Melayu: Trompet malam
Mizo: Tawtaw-rawtpar
Nepali: ढोक्रे फूल Dhokre Phool
Polish: Brugmansja pachnąca
Portuguese: Trombeta
Russian: Бругмансия душистая
Sinhala: අත්තන - මඩුලම් Attana, Maḍulam
Slovak: Durmanec voňavý
Spanish: Floripondio blanco, Reina de la noche, Trompeta de ángel
Swedish: änglatrumpet
Taiwan: 大花曼陀羅
Tamil: மாதுளம் - மாதுளம் Matulam, Madulam
Thai: แตรนางฟ้าขาวบราซิล
Turkish: Melek Borazanı
Vietnam: Kèn đêm
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