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Tree pepper (Capsicum pubescens)

Dlium Tree pepper (Capsicum pubescens)

Tree pepper (Capsicum pubescens) is a plant species in the Solanaceae, a small, woody shrub or tree, the surface of the leaves has hairs, the flowers are trumpet-shaped and purple in color, the ripe fruit is bright red to be eaten fresh or processed for various dishes.

C. pubescens grows as a shrub or small tree, up to 4 meters high, branches after 30 cm, is woody with a light brown color but often has purple discoloration on the branches and grows relatively quickly for up to 15 years.





Shoots develop from the leaf axils. The leaves have stalks 5-12 mm, oval or elongated, hairy, 5-12 cm long, 2-4 cm wide, pointed tip, a vein in the middle with several lateral veins, the upper surface is green and the lower surface is pale.

Flowers are solitary or in pairs (rarely up to four) on the shoots, the branches are 1 cm long, the elongated flower stems on the fruit are up to 4-5 cm long. The calyx has five pointed triangular teeth, blue-purple in color with a bright color in the middle. The anthers are partly purple and white.

The fruit has a long stalk. Young fruit is round and dark green in color. Ripe fruit is elliptical in shape with a rounded or tapered tip, a swollen base and red in color. The fruit has thick flesh and a spiciness level of 50,000 to 250,000 Scoville Heat Units.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Solanales
Family: Solanaceae
Subfamily: Solanoideae
Tribe: Capsiceae
Genus: Capsicum L. in Sp. Pl.: 188 (1753)
Species: Capsicum pubescens Ruiz & Pav. in Fl. Peruv. 2: 30 (1799)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Brachistus lanceifolius Miers in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, 3: 267 (1849)
Capsicum annuum var. violaceum Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 134 (1866)
Capsicum lanceifolium (Miers) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 450 (1891)
Capsicum maximowiczii Regel & Rach in Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1858: 40 (1859)
Capsicum pubescens var. oviforme Hassk. in Bonplandia (Hannover) 8: 95 (1860)
Capsicum quitense Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. in Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 4: 809 (1819)
Capsicum violaceum Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 49 (1818)

PUBLICATIONS

Baroza, G.E., Carrizo García, C., de Bem Bianchetti, L., Romero, M.V. & Scaldaferro, M. (2022). Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 200: 1-423.

Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.

Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2015). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Volumen VIII. Dicotyledóneas (Sabiaceae-Zygophyllaceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 131: 1-657. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.

Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.

Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

VERNACULAR NAME

Aceh: Cabe bak kayee
Bali: Cabe punyan
Batak: Cabe batang
Bengali: গাছের মরিচ Gāchēra marica
Burmese: သစ်ပင်ငရုတ်သီး Saitpain ngarotesee
Chinese (simplified): 绒毛辣椒
Chinese (traditional): 絨毛辣椒
Czech: Paprika chlupatá
Danish: Rocoto
Dutch: Rocoto-peper
Dzongkha: ཤིང་ཚལ་ལུ།
English: Tree pepper, Tree chili, Apple chilli
Filipino: Sili ng puno
Finnish: Rokotopaprika
Hindi: पेड़ मिर्च Ped mirch
Indonesian: Cabai Pohon, Bandot, Cabai Bandot, Cabe bandot, Cabai dieng, Cabe dieng, Cabai gondol, Cabe gondol
Java: Lombok gondol, Lombok bendot, Lombok Dieng
Khmer: ម្ទេសដើម Mtesa daem
Lao: ໝາກເຜັດຕົ້ນ Makphed ton
Makassar: Cabe poko
Melaysia: Cili pokok
Minagkabau: Lado pohon
Nepali: रूख खुर्सानी Rūkha khursānī
Pashto: د ونې مرچ Da wany march
Russian: Стручковый перец опушённый
Slovak: Paprika páperistá
Spanish: Chile morrongo, Chile manzano, Chile silvestre, Ají peruano, Rocoto
Sunda: Cabai Gendot
Tamil: மிளகாய் மரம் Miḷakāy maram
Thai: พริกต้น Phrik t̂n
Urdu: درخت مرچ Darkht march

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