Pisang tanduk or plantain banana or plantain (Musa × paradisiaca) is a plant species in Musaceae, a giant herb with large elongated leaves, up to 4 meters high, pseudo-stem consisting of leaves and bases that unite and grow to form colonies in various habitats.
M. paradisiaca has flowers at the ends of stems and will die after flowering, but branches may develop from the base of the plant. The fruits are elongated and arranged in bunches with groups of fingers arranged.
The skin of the fruit is yellow when ripe, although some are orange, red, green, purple or black. Each bunch has up to 7-8 combs weighing 20-25 kg. Fruit as food is a source of energy and minerals, especially potassium.
TAXON
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Musaceae
Genus: Musa L. in Sp. Pl.: 1043 (1753)
Species: Musa × paradisiaca L. in Sp. Pl.: 1043 (1753)
HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS
Musa × mensaria Moench in Methodus: 647 (1794)
Musa × paradisiaca subsp. normalis Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 692 (1891)
Musa × sapidisiaca K.C.Jacob in Monogr. Madras Bananas: 11 (1952)
Musa × sapientum var. paradisiaca (L.) Baker in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1894: 250 (1894)
Musa × sapientum subsp. paradisiaca (L.) Baker in Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 7: 213 (1893)
HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS
Karkandela × malabarica Raf. in Sylva Tellur.: 106 (1838)
Musa × acutibracteata M.Hotta in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 21: 4 (1964)
Musa × alphurica Miq. in Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 589 (1859)
Musa × aphurica Rumph. ex Sagot in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 34: 329 (1887)
Musa × arakanensis F.W.Ripley ex Blechynden in J. Agric. Soc. India 5: 53 (1856)
Musa × bacoba Rottb. in Descr. Rar. Pl. Surin.: 28 (1776)
Musa balbisiana var. vittata (G.W.Ackermann ex Rodigas) M.R.Almeida in Fl. Maharashtra 5A: 115 (2009)
Musa × berteroi Colla in Mem. Gen. Musa: 57 (1820)
Musa × bidigitalis De Wild. in Miss. de Briey Mayumbe: 329 (1920)
Musa × carolinae Sterler in Hort. Nymphenb., ed. 2: 109 (1821)
Musa × champa Baker in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 6: 262 (1892)
Musa × chapara Perr. in Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 3: 131 (1825)
Musa × chiliocarpa Backer ex K.Heyne in Nutt. Pl. Ned.-Ind., ed. 2.: 510 (1922)
Musa × consociata Nakai in Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 22: 16 (1948)
Musa × corbieri A.Chev. in Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 14: 519 (1934)
Musa × corniculata Lour. in Fl. Cochinch.: 644 (1790)
Musa × dacca Horan. in Prodr. Monogr. Scitam.: 41 (1862)
Musa × decrescens De Briey ex De Wild. (1920)
Musa × decrescens var. pembuki De Briey ex De Wild. (1920)
Musa × decrescens var. rubromaculata De Briey ex De Wild. (1920)
Musa × decrescens var. viridis De Briey ex De Wild. (1920)
Musa × discolor Planch. in Hort. Donat.: 83 (1858)
Musa × dulcissima Nakai (1948)
Musa × emasculata De Briey ex De Wild. (1920)
Musa × emasculata var. kiala De Briey ex De Wild. (1920)
Musa × emasculata var. kimbende De Briey ex De Wild. (1920)
Musa × emasculata var. lomba De Briey ex De Wild. (1920)
Musa × emasculata var. zengani De Briey ex De Wild. (1920)
Musa × humilis Perr. (1825)
Musa × ingrata Nakai (1948)
Musa × jaheri Nakai (1948)
Musa × maculata Jacq. in Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 4: 23 (1804)
Musa × megalocarpa Nakai (1948)
Musa × mirabilis Nakai (1948)
Musa × nigra Perr. (1825)
Musa × odorata Lour. (1790)
Musa × oleracea Vieill. in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 16: 46 (1862)
Musa × pallida Nakai (1948)
Musa × paradisiaca var. acicularis G.Forst. in Pl. Esc.: 30 (1786)
Musa × paradisiaca var. bende De Briey ex De Wild. (1920)
Musa × paradisiaca var. bilul De Briey ex De Wild. (1920)
Musa × paradisiaca var. champa (Baker) K.Schum. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 45: 20 (1900)
Musa × paradisiaca var. cinerea Blanco in Fl. Filip.: 250 (1837)
Musa × paradisiaca var. coarctata G.Forst. (1786)
Musa × paradisiaca var. compressa Blanco (1837)
Musa × paradisiaca var. coriacea G.Forst. (1786)
Musa × paradisiaca var. corniculata G.Forst. (1786)
Musa × paradisiaca var. dacca (Horan.) K.Schum. (1900)
Musa × paradisiaca f. dongila De Briey ex De Wild. (1920)
Musa × paradisiaca var. exsicca G.Forst. (1786)
Musa × paradisiaca var. fatua G.Forst. (1786)
Musa × paradisiaca f. funu-nua De Briey ex De Wild. (1920)
Musa × paradisiaca var. glaberrima Blanco (1837)
Musa × paradisiaca var. glauca Blanco (1837)
Musa × paradisiaca f. kilola De Briey ex De Wild. (1920)
Musa × paradisiaca var. kitebbe De Briey ex De Wild. (1920)
Musa × paradisiaca var. lacatan Blanco (1837)
Musa × paradisiaca var. longa Blanco (1837)
Musa × paradisiaca var. lunaris G.Forst. (1786)
Musa × paradisiaca var. magna Blanco (1837)
Musa × paradisiaca var. martabarica (Baker) K.Schum. (1900)
Musa × paradisiaca var. maxima Blanco (1837)
Musa × paradisiaca var. mensaria (Baker) K.Schum. (1900)
Musa × paradisiaca var. mensaria G.Forst. (1786)
Musa × paradisiaca var. odorata (Lour.) K.Schum. (1900)
Musa × paradisiaca var. oleracea (Vieill.) K.Schum. (1900)
Musa × paradisiaca var. papillosa G.Forst. (1786)
Musa × paradisiaca var. punctata G.Forst. (1786)
Musa × paradisiaca var. purpurascens G.Forst. (1786)
Musa × paradisiaca var. regia G.Forst. (1786)
Musa × paradisiaca var. rubra (Firminger ex Baker) K.Schum. (1900)
Musa × paradisiaca var. sanguinea (Welw. ex Baker) K.Schum. (1900)
Musa × paradisiaca subsp. sapientum (L.) Kuntze (1891)
Musa × paradisiaca f. seluka De Briey ex De Wild. (1920)
Musa × paradisiaca var. suaveolens Blanco (1837)
Musa × paradisiaca var. subrubea Blanco (1837)
Musa × paradisiaca var. ternatensis Blanco (1837)
Musa × paradisiaca var. tetragona G.Forst. (1786)
Musa × paradisiaca var. tombak Blanco (1837)
Musa × paradisiaca f. tuba De Briey ex De Wild. (1920)
Musa × paradisiaca var. ulnaris Blanco (1837)
Musa × paradisiaca var. violacea Blanco (1837)
Musa × paradisiaca var. violacea (Baker) K.Schum. (1900)
Musa × paradisiaca var. viridis De Briey ex De Wild. (1920)
Musa × paradisiaca var. vittata (G.W.Ackermann ex Rodigas) K.Schum. (1900)
Musa × polycarpa Nakai (1948)
Musa × prematura Nakai (1948)
Musa × protractorachis De Wild. (1920)
Musa × purpureotomentosa De Wild. (1920)
Musa × sapientum L. in Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1303 (1759)
Musa × sapientum var. americana N.G.Teodoro in Philipp. J. Sci., C 10: 398 (1915)
Musa × sapientum var. angao Quisumb. in Philipp. Agric. Rev. 12(3): 58 (1919)
Musa × sapientum var. baca Quisumb. (1919)
Musa × sapientum var. binutig N.G.Teodoro (1915)
Musa × sapientum var. canara N.G.Teodoro (1915)
Musa × sapientum var. canaya Quisumb. (1919)
Musa × sapientum var. champa (Baker) Baker (1893)
Musa × sapientum var. cinerea (Blanco) N.G.Teodoro (1915)
Musa × sapientum var. compressa (Blanco) N.G.Teodoro (1915)
Musa × sapientum var. cubensis N.G.Teodoro (1915)
Musa × sapientum var. dacca (Horan.) Baker (1893)
Musa × sapientum var. daryao N.G.Teodoro (1915)
Musa × sapientum var. dinalaga Quisumb. (1919)
Musa × sapientum var. dool Quisumb. (1919)
Musa × sapientum var. dubia (King) A.M.Cowan & Cowan in Trees N. Bengal: 135 (1929)
Musa × sapientum f. dubia King in Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 7: 214 (1893)
Musa × sapientum var. eda Quisumb. (1919)
Musa × sapientum var. fieleto De Briey ex De Wild. (1920)
Musa × sapientum var. flabellata Quisumb. (1919)
Musa × sapientum var. galatayan Quisumb. (1919)
Musa × sapientum var. garangao N.G.Teodoro (1915)
Musa × sapientum var. glaberrima (Blanco) N.G.Teodoro (1915)
Musa × sapientum var. glauca (Blanco) N.G.Teodoro (1915)
Musa × sapientum var. grandis N.G.Teodoro (1915)
Musa × sapientum var. humilis Merr. in Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl. 1(2): 224 (1922)
Musa × sapientum var. inarnibal N.G.Teodoro (1915)
Musa × sapientum var. kinamay Quisumb. (1919)
Musa × sapientum var. lacatan (Blanco) N.G.Teodoro (1915)
Musa × sapientum var. longa (Blanco) N.G.Teodoro (1915)
Musa × sapientum var. martabarica Baker (1893)
Musa × sapientum var. mensaria Baker (1893)
Musa × sapientum var. odorata (Lour.) Baker (1893)
Musa × sapientum var. oleracea Baker (1893)
Musa × sapientum var. padilat Quisumb. (1919)
Musa × sapientum var. pamotion Quisumb. (1919)
Musa × sapientum var. pelipia Quisumb. (1919)
Musa × sapientum var. principe Quisumb. (1919)
Musa × sapientum var. putian Quisumb. (1919)
Musa × sapientum var. raines Quisumb. (1919)
Musa × sapientum var. regia (G.Forst.) Baker (1893)
Musa × sapientum var. rubra Firminger ex Baker (1893)
Musa × sapientum var. sanguinea Welw. ex Baker (1893)
Musa × sapientum var. sarocsoc Quisumb. (1919)
Musa × sapientum var. satama De Briey ex De Wild. (1920)
Musa × sapientum var. sision Quisumb. (1919)
Musa × sapientum var. suaveolens (Blanco) N.G.Teodoro (1915)
Musa × sapientum var. ternatensis (Blanco) N.G.Teodoro (1915)
Musa × sapientum var. tombak (Blanco) N.G.Teodoro (1915)
Musa × sapientum var. tudlong N.G.Teodoro (1915)
Musa × sapientum var. tuldoc N.G.Teodoro (1915)
Musa × sapientum var. violacea Baker (1893)
Musa × sapientum var. violacea (Blanco) N.G.Teodoro (1915)
Musa × sapientum var. vittata (G.W.Ackermann ex Rodigas) Hook.f. in Bot. Mag. 89: t. 5402 (1863)
Musa × trichocarpa Nakai (1948)
Musa × vittata G.W.Ackermann ex Rodigas in J. Gén. Hort. 15: 25 (1862)
PUBLICATIONS
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Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.
Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(2): 1-94. ORSTOM, Bangui.
Brundu, G. & Camarda, I. (2013). The Flora of Chad: a checklist and brief analysis. PhytoKeys 23: 1-18.
Catarino, L., Martins, E.S., Diniz, M.A. & Pinto-Basto, M.F. (2006). Check-list da flora vascular do parque natural das Lagos de Cufada (Guiné-Bissau). Garcia de Orta, Série de Botânica 17: 97-141.
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia 41: 41-82.
Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
Govaerts, R. (2004). World Checklist of Monocotyledons Database in ACCESS: 1-54382. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Kumar, S. (2012). Herbaceous flora of Jaunsar-Bawar (Uttarkhand), India: enumerations. Phytotaxonomy 12: 33-56.
Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
López Patiño, E.J., Szeszko, D.R., Rascala Pérez, J. & Beltrán Retis, A.S. (2012). The flora of the Tenacingo-Malinalco-Zumpahuacán protected natural area, state of Mexico, Mexico. Harvard Papers in Botany 17: 65-167.
Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
Perrier, X. & al. (2019). East African diploid and triploid bananas: a genetic complex transported from South-East Asia. Annals of Botany 123: 19-36.
Pérez-Farrera, M.Á., Martínez-Camilo, R., Martínez-Meléndez, N., Farrera-Sarmiento, O. & Maza-Villalobos, S. (2012). Listado florístico del Cerro Quetzal (Polígono III) de la reserva de la biosfera El Triunfo, Chiapas, México. Botanical Sciences 90: 113-142.
Smith, A.C. (1979). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 1: 1-495. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
St. John, H. (1988). Census of the Flora of the Gambier islands, Polynesia. Pacific Plant Studies 43: 1-34.
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VERNACULAR NAME
Afrikaans: Piesang
Angami: Tekhusi
Assamese: Kala
Bengali: কেলা Kēlā
Chechen: Банан
Chinese (simplified): 大蕉
Chinese (traditional): 大蕉 - 香蕉
Danish: Almindelig banan
Dutch: Duizendvingerige Banaan
English: Plantain, Plantain banana
Esperanto: Banano
French: Bananiers et plantains
German: Dessertbanane, Banane, Obstbanane, Pisang
Hawaiian: Mai'a
Hebrew: בננה
Hindi: केला - कदली - पापरा Kela, Kadali, Papra
Indonesian: Pisang nangka, Pisang tanduk, Pisang raja
Italian: Banano
Japanese: バナナ - センナリバナナ
Java: Gedang rojo
Kannada: Baazhe, Baale, Baalehannu, Bale kaayi, Kadali
Kashmiri: Kela
Konkani: Kyaanle
Malayalam: Vaazha, Maaucam
Manipuri: Laphoo tharo
Marathi: Kadala, Kela, Kel, Keli
Mizo: Balhlakual, Vaibalhla
Nepali: केरा - कदली Kera, Kadali
Otomí: Dooza
Palauan: Tuu
Polish: Banan zwyczajny
Portuguese: Banana, Bananeira
Russian: Банан - Банан райский
Sanskrit: Kadalee, Kadali, Vaaranabusaa, Rambhaa, Mochaa, Mocha, Amshumatphalaa, Bhanuphala
Santali: ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ
Sinhala: වාලා Vālā
Slovak: Banánovník obyčajný
Spanish: Plátano, Banano
Tamil: வாழா Vaazha
Telugu: Arati, Kadala
Thai: กล้วยกล้าย - กล้าย
Turkish: muz
Urdu: کيلا Kelaa, موز Mauz
Yoruba: Ọ̀gẹ̀dẹ̀
Zhuang: Gyoijhom
Aryo Bandoro
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