Kluwak (Pangium edule)

Kluwak or keluak or kepayang or black spice (Pangium edule) is a species of plant in the Achariaceae, a large tree, 60 meters high, 120 cm diameter trunk, large leaves, large and poisonous fruit, grows wild and semi-wild, producing ingredients for cooking a number of dishes.

P. edule has cylindrical, upright, branched stems and reddish-brown or whitish bark. Leaves oval or heart shaped, long stalk, green, rounded tip, flat margin, a main vein in the middle with many small pinnate veins.

The fruit is large, has a stalk, oval in shape with a tapered tip and base. Hard skin, rough surface and brown. Flesh is white or yellow. Seeds are large, flat, round, hard skin, brown, white inside.

The seeds are used as a spice which gives it a dark brown color. Dyes can be substituted for synthetic dyes such as Chocolate Brown FH and Chocolate Brown HT. Unripe seeds are highly toxic and contain high concentrations of cyanide. The seeds are safe for food after boiling.

TAXON :

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Achariaceae
Genus: Pangium Reinw. in Syll. Pl. Nov. 2: 12 (1825)
Species: Pangium edule Reinw. in Syll. Pl. Nov. 2: 12 (1825)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS :

Hydnocarpus edulis (Reinw.) Peterm. in Pflanzenreich: 827 (1845)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS :

Hydnocarpus polyandrus Blanco in Fl. Filip., ed. 2.: 545 (1845)
Pangium ceramense Teijsm. & Binn. ex Slooten in Bijdr. Combret. Flacourt. Ned.-Ind.: 80 (1919)
Pangium naumannii Warb. in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6a): 23 (1893)
Pangium rumphii Voigt in Hort. Suburb. Calcutt.: 85 (1845)

PUBLICATIONS :

Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.

Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.

Hancock, I.R. & Henderson, C.P. (1988). Flora of the Solomon Islands. Research Bulletin Dodo Creek Research Station 7: 1-203.

Mao, A.A. & Dash, S.S. (2020). Flowering Plants of India an Annotated Checklist (Dicotyledons) 1: 1-970. Botanical Survey of India.

Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.

Turner, I.M. (1995). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(1): 1-346.

Van Steenis, C.G.G.J. (ed.) (1955-1958). Flora Malesiana 5: 1-595. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta

VERNACULAR NAME :

Dayak Simpang: Poyang, Poyakng
English: Kluwak
Filipino: Pangi
Indonesian: Kluwak, Keluak, Kaloa
Javanese: Kluwak, Kluwêk, Pucung
Ma'anyan: Lakuak
Minahasa: Pangi
Minangkabau: Simanguang
Palauan: Riamel
South Sulawesi: Pamarrasan
Sumatera: Kepayang
Sundanese: Picung, Pucung
Toraja: Pamarrasan

Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: https://www.dlium.com
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Dlium

Screw tree (Helicteres isora)

Screw tree ( Helicteres isora ) is a species of plant in the Malvaceae family. It is a shrub or small tree, up to 8 meters tall. It has gray bark and alternate leaves, up to 22 cm long and 17 cm wide, oval in shape, with serrated edges and hairs. The flowers are red or white and reach a total length of 5.5 cm. The fruit is green when unripe, brown or gray when dry, twisted, spiral-shaped, and pointed at the tip. The seeds are black or brown, shiny, and diagonal, triangular, or rectangular. TAXON Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Malvales Family: Malvaceae Subfamily: Helicteroideae Tribe: Helictereae Genus: Helicteres Pluk. ex L. in Sp. Pl.: 963 (1753) Species: Helicteres isora L. in Sp. Pl.: 963 (1753) HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS Helicteres baruensis var. ovata DC. in Prodr. 1: 476 (1824) Helicteres chrysocalyx Miq. ex Mast. in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 1: 365 (1874) Helicteres corylifolia Buch.-Ham. ex Dillwyn in Rev. Hortus Malab....

Coromandel (Asystasia gangetica)

Coromandel ( Asystasia gangetica ) is a species of plants in Acanthaceae, perennials, vines and branching that are widely found on the edges of roads, shrubs and gardens, resistant to shade, used as fodder, especially cattle, goats and sheep, treatment, conservation of land and ornamental plants. A. gangetica has a height of 88-95 cm, rectangular-shaped stem, brownish green or purplish green, taproot and can emerge from branches. Petiole has a length of 0.5-6 cm. Ellipse-shaped leaves, unifoliate, green or dark green, arranged facing each other and do not have stipules. Leaves have a length of 8.5 cm, width 4.9 cm, area 69.42 cm3, length and width ratio is 1.8:1, heart-shaped base and taper front end, rough surface, flat edge, a main bone and 4 -6 lateral veins on each side. Coromandel produces flowers after 4 weeks to 2 months. Compound flowers, lined up on one side with a length of up to 25 cm. Flower stalks have a length of up to 3 mm. Trumpet type, white with a bottom stran...

Wild durian (Cullenia exarillata)

Wild durian ( Cullenia exarillata ) is a species of plant in the Malvaceae, a tall tree with smooth, greyish-white bark, peeling on older trees, a straight trunk, horizontal branches and often with a series of knob-like tubercles for flower and fruit attachment. C. exarillata has young branches and the underside of the leaves is covered with golden brown peltate or shield-like scales. The leaves are single, alternate, glabrous, glossy green on the upper side and covered with silvery or orange peltate scales on the underside. Hermaphroditic flowers are tubular and also covered with golden brown scales, 4-5 cm long and cream or reddish brown in color. Flowers have no petals, formed of tubular bracteoles and tubular calyxes, 5-lobed. Fruit is round, 10-13 cm in diameter, covered with thorns and clustered along the branches. Many seeds, reddish brown, 4-5 cm long and 2-3 cm wide. The seeds are enclosed by a fleshy, whitish aril. The fruit splits open when ripe and dries to release the s...

Dlium