Brazilian vervain (Verbena brasiliensis) is a species of plant in the Verbenaceae, an annual shrub with erect stems, up to 1 meter high, triangular or semi-spherical in shape with sharp corners, green, white-haired, lower branches in an opposite arrangement, branches above grows in an irregular formation.
V. brasiliensis has elongated leaves, up to 20 cm long, up to 4 cm wide, sharp tip, deeply serrated or flat margins, dark green in color, a main vein in the middle and whitish in color, several minor veins laterally, rough and stiff surface.
Inflorescences in panicles at the end of a long stalk up to 5 cm long. The flower petals are 3 mm long, 5 lobed and tubular in shape. The corolla is formed from fused petals and spreads open at the tip, only slightly longer than the calyx. Flowers have reproductive organs of both sexes. Superior and bicarpellary ovaries.
The fruit is a schizocarp or dried fruit that splits when ripe. Wrapped in petals. Nutlets are triangular in cross-section and each is 2 mm long. Four common nuts are produced by each fruit with two nuts for each carpel.
TAXON
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Lamiales
Family: Verbenaceae
Tribe: Verbeneae
Genus: Verbena L. in Sp. Pl.: 20 (1753)
Species: Verbena brasiliensis Vell. in Fl. Flumin. 1: t. 40, 17 (1829)
HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS
Verbena litoralis var. brasiliensis (Vell.) Briq. ex Munir in J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 20: 71 (2002)
HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS
Verbena approximata Briq. in Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 7-8: 292 (1904)
Verbena chacensis Moldenke in Phytologia 5: 228 (1955)
Verbena hansenii Greene in Pittonia 3: 308 (1898)
Verbena isabellei Briq. in Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 4: 234 (1900)
Verbena litoralis f. angustifolia Chodat in Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 2: 818 (1902)
Verbena litoralis var. congesta Moldenke in Phytologia 20: 80 (1970)
Verbena litoralis f. congesta (Moldenke) Moldenke in Phytologia 44: 329 (1979)
Verbena quadrangularis Vell. in Fl. Flumin. 1: t. 39, 16 (1829)
PUBLICATIONS
Bramley, G.L.C. & al. (eds.) in Ridley, H.N. (2022). Flora of the Malay Peninsula, ser. II, 9: 1-301. Authority of teh Government of the Straits Settlements.
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
Kuo, M.L. (ed.) (2012). Flora of Taiwan, ed. 2, Suppl.: 1-414. Editorial Committee of the Flora of Taiwan, Second Edition, National Taiwan University.
Nesom, G.L. (2010). Taxonomic notes on Verbena bonariensis (Verbenaceae) and related species in the USA. Phytoneuron 2010-12: 1-16.
Retief, E. & Meyer, N.L. (2017). Plants of the Free State inventory and identification guide. Strelitzia 38: 1-1236. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Suzuki, M., Taufatofua, P. & Koyama, T. (2007). New records of plants from Tonga. Makinoa, n.s., 6: 25-62.
Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R & Garnock-Jones, P.J. (1988). Flora of New Zealand 4: 1-1365. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
VERNACULAR NAME
Chinese (simplified): 狭叶马鞭草
Chinese (traditional): 狹葉馬鞭草 - 巴西馬鞭草
English: Brazilian Vervain, Brazilian Verbena, Slender Wild Verbena
French: Verveine du Brésil
Indonesia: Sendareh, Sekulah
Italian: Verbena brasiliana
Italy: Verbena brasiliana
Japanese: アレチハナガサ
Java: Sendareh
Korean: 브라질마편초
Russian: Вербена бразильская
Zulu: Ubhejane
Aryo Bandoro
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