Apple of Peru (Nicandra physalodes) is a species of plant in the Solanaceae, an erect shrub up to 1 meter high, evergreen, strong with spreading branches, ovate leaves, bell flowers, green stems, toothed and wavy, grows in tropical forests at elevations 1000-1500 meters.
N. physalodes has a cylindrical stem with linear angles and is green in color. Leaves oblong, pointed tip, serrated margin, thick and leathery, green, a main vein in the middle with many small pinnate veins.
Bell-shaped flowers, 5 parts, 5 cm or more in diameter, pale purple corolla with white passages, only open for a few hours a day. Five pistils, white and white stalks.
The fruit is berry-shaped in thin petals and has a strong odor. All parts of the plant may be poisonous. The seeds are used as an insecticide and antipyretic, for fever, indigestion and constipation.
TAXON
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Solanales
Family: Solanaceae
Subfamily: Solanoideae
Tribe: Nicandreae
Genus: Nicandra Adans. in Fam. Pl. 2: 219 (1763)
Species: Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. in Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 237 (1791)
HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS
Atropa physalodes L. in Sp. Pl.: 181 (1753)
Boberella nicandra E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2. 10: 61 (1903)
Pentagonia physalodes (L.) Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. 1: 752 (1898)
Physalodes physalodes (L.) Britton in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 287 (1894)
Physaloides physalodes (L.) Britton ex Small & Vail in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 4: 142 (1893)
HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS
Atropa daturifolia Thore in Essai Chloris: 74 (1803)
Atropa physaloides L. in Syst. Nat., ed. 12. 2: 171 (1767)
Calydermos erosus Ruiz & Pav. in Fl. Peruv. 2: 43 (1799)
Nicandra brevicorollata Bitter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 14: 173 (1903)
Nicandra macrocalyx Bitter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 14: 169 (1903)
Nicandra minor Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall. in Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 9: 81 (1843)
Nicandra nana Bitter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 14: 171 (1903)
Nicandra nebulosa Bitter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 14: 170 (1903)
Nicandra parvimaculata Bitter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 14: 168 (1903)
Nicandra physalodes var. crispa Baguet in Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 15: 129 (1876)
Nicandra physalodes var. immaculata Wender. in Index Seminum (MB, Marburgensis) 1825: [7] (1825)
Nicandra physalodes var. violacea (André ex H.Lemoine) P.D.Sell in Fl. Great Britain Ireland 3: 521 (2009)
Nicandra undulata Bitter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 14: 176 (1903)
Nicandra violacea André ex H.Lemoine in Rev. Hort. (Paris) 78: 208 (1906)
Physalis daturifolia Lam. in Encycl. 2: 102 (1786)
Physalis peruviana Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 16 (1768)
Physalis spectabilis Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 133 (1796)
Physalodes peruvianum Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 452 (1891)
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VERNACULAR NAME
Afrikaans: Basterappelliefie, Bitterappelliefie, Blou-appelliefie, Bloubitterappelliefie, Wilde-appelliefie, Wildebitter
Austria: Giftbeere
Bengali: রণপোপতি Raṇapōpati
Brazil: Juá-de-Capote
Burmese: ဆူဒါဒီ
Chinese (simplified): 假酸浆
Chinese (traditional): 大本炮仔草 - 假酸漿
Czech: Lilík mochyňovitý
Danish: Kantbæger
Dutch: Zegekruid
English: Apple-of-Peru, Shoo-fly plant, Shoo-fly, Rivabe
Finnish: Perunkoiso
French: Pomme du Pérou, Nicandre faux-coqueret, Nicandre bleu, Physalis du Pérou
German: Giftbeere
Hindi: रणपोपती Ranpopati
Hungarian: Kopasz szilkesark
Indonesia: Sudadi
Japanese: オオセンナリ
Java: Sudasi, Sudasudi
Kannada: Bilibudde gida
Khmer: ស៊ូដាឌី
Korean: 페루꽈리
Lao: ຊູດາດີ
Lithuanian: Dumplūninė nikandra
Malayalam: Oomathan
Marathi: Popti, Ranpopati
Nepali: इश्माहोल Ishmahol
Norwegian: Giftbær
Peru: Capulí Cimarrón
Polish: Nikandra miechunkowa
Portuguese: Juá-de-Capote
Russian: Никандра физалисовидная
Sinhala: සොඩක්කු තක්කලි Soḍakku takkali
Slovak: Nikandra machovkovitá
Sotho: linyooko
Spanish: Belladona Americana, Mostaza, Capulí Cimarrón
Swedish: Ballongblomma
Tamil: சோடக்கு தக்காளி Sudakku thakkali
Thai: โทงเทงม่วง
Ukrainian: Адамова голова садова
Vietnam: Đuổi ruồi
Zulu: Umgabaganga omncane
Aryo Bandoro
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