Skip to main content

Copperleaf (Acalypha wilkesiana)

Dlium Copperleaf (Acalypha wilkesiana)

Copperleaf (Acalypha wilkesiana) is a species of plant in the Euphorbiaceae, a low shrub or tree, growing up to 3 meters long, 2 meters wide, densely packed clumps with erect stems, woody, brown bark and many branches.

A. wilkesiana has leaves of highly variable shape and are generally oval, flat or wrinkled, large and wide, toothed margins, 10-20 cm long, up to 15 cm wide, red on top, reddish green or copper on the underside.



The male and female flowers are separate and appear on the same plant. Male flowers have long thorns that hang down, female flowers have short spikes and are often hidden among the leaves. The flower stalk is 10-20 cm long.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamily: Acalyphoideae
Tribe: Acalypheae
Subtribe: Acalyphinae
Genus: Acalypha L. in Sp. Pl.: 1003 (1753)
Species: Acalypha wilkesiana Müll.Arg. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 817 (1866)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Acalypha amentacea subsp. wilkesiana (Müll.Arg.) Fosberg in Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 45: 10 (1980)
Ricinocarpus wilkesianus (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 618 (1891)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Acalypha amentacea f. circinata (Müll.Arg.) Fosberg in Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 45: 11 (1980)
Acalypha chantrieri André in Rev. Hort. (Paris) 69: 402 (1897)
Acalypha colorata Rollison in Gard. Chron. 1857: 418 (1857)
Acalypha compacta Guilf. ex C.T.White in Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 94: 343 (1933)
Acalypha godseffiana Mast. in Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 23: 241 (1898)
Acalypha godseffiana var. heterophylla L.H.Bailey in Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1: 191 (1914)
Acalypha hamiltoniana Pynaert in Nursery Cat. (Éd.Pynaert - Van Geert) 1894-1895: 7 (1894)
Acalypha illustris Pax & K.Hoffm. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 147, XVI(Heft 85): 154 (1924)
Acalypha macafeeana H.J.Veitch in Cat. New Beaut. Pl. 1878: 25 (1878)
Acalypha macrophylla Van Geert in Nursery Cat. (Auguste Van Geert) 74: 1 (1876)
Acalypha marginata (Mill.) J.J.Sm. in Meded. Dept. Landb. Ned.-Indië 10: 19 (1910)
Acalypha morfontanensis Chantrier ex André in Rev. Hort. (Paris) 69: 402 (1897)
Acalypha musaica T.Moore & Mast. in Gard. Chron., n.s., 7: 520 (1877)
Acalypha obovata W.Bull in Nursery Cat. (William Bull) 199: 11 (1884)
Acalypha torta W.Bull in Nursery Cat. (William Bull) 121: 3 (1876)
Acalypha tricolor Veitch ex Mast. in Gard. Chron. 1866: 483 (1866)
Acalypha triumphans L.Linden & Rodigas in Ill. Hort. 35: 55 (1888)
Acalypha wilkesiana f. appendiculata J.W.Moore in Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 102: 29 (1933)
Acalypha wilkesiana f. circinata Müll.Arg. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 817 (1866)
Acalypha wilkesiana f. illustris J.J.Sm. in Meded. Dept. Landb. Ned.-Indië 10: 20 (1910)
Acalypha wilkesiana f. macrophylla J.J.Sm. in Meded. Dept. Landb. Ned.-Indië 10: 20 (1910)
Acalypha wilkesiana var. marginata T.Moore in Florist & Pomol. 28: 283 (1875)
Acalypha wilkesiana f. monstrosa J.J.Sm. in Meded. Dept. Landb. Ned.-Indië 10: 18 (1910)
Acalypha wilkesiana f. triumphans (L.Linden & Rodigas) J.J.Sm. in Meded. Dept. Landb. Ned.-Indië 10: 20 (1910)

PUBLICATIONS

Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.

Cardiel, J.M. & Muñoz Rodríguez, P. (2012). Synopsis of Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae) of continental Ecuador. PhytoKeys 17: 1-17.

Cardiel, J.M. & Muñoz Rodríguez, P. (2015). Synopsis of Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae) of Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 101: 384-405.

Chayamarit, K. & Van Welzen, P.C. (2005). Euphorbiaceae (Genera A-F). Flora of Thailand 8(1): 1-303. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.

Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2016). Flora of North America North of Mexico 12: 1-603. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.

Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].

Govaerts, R. (1995). World Checklist of Seed Plants 1(1, 2): 1-483, 1-529. MIM, Deurne.

Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania. Revue de Taxonomie et de Nomenclature Botaniques 30: 1-307.

Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.

López Patiño, E.J., Szeszko, D.R., Rascala Pérez, J. & Beltrán Retis, A.S. (2012). The flora of the Tenacingo-Malinalco-Zumpahuacán protected natural area, state of Mexico, Mexico. Harvard Papers in Botany 17: 65-167.

Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1994). Oceanic Islands 1. Flora of Australia 49: 1-681. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.

Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.

Sagun, V.G., Levin, G.A. & van Welzen, P.C. (2010). Revision and phylogeny of Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 55: 21-60.

Smith, A.C. (1981). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 2: 1-810. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.

Sykes, W.R. (1970). Contributions to the flora of Niue. Bulletin, New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research 200: 1-321.

Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (eds.) (2008). Flora of China 11: 1-622. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

VERNACULAR NAME

Chinese (simplified): 红桑
Chinese (traditional): 威氏鐵莧
Czech: Palnice Wilkesova
Danish: Kobberblad
Dutch: Jacob's mantel
English: Copperleaf, Painted copperleaf, Redleaf, Jacob's coat, Fire fiji plant, Beef steak plant, Fire dragon
Finnish: Kirjokissanhäntä
French: Bois de Charles de Wilkes
Guangdong: 威氏鐵莧
Hong Kong: 威氏鐵莧
Indonesia: Daun bara
Japanese: アカリファ
Java: Godong mowo
Korean: 호프만니이
Lithuanian: Margoji labravenė
Macao: 威氏鐵莧
Russian: Акалифа Уилкса
Slovak: Akalyfa Wilkesova
Spanish: Acalifa roja, Carlota, Chirrite
Swedish: Mosaikblad
Taiwan: 威氏鐵莧
Thai: หูปลาช่อน

Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Dlium
Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) manufacture bubble-nets as tools to increase prey intake

NEWS - Humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) create bubble net tools while foraging, consisting of internal tangential rings, and actively control the number of rings, their size, depth and horizontal spacing between the surrounding bubbles. These structural elements of the net increase prey intake sevenfold. Researchers have known that humpback whales create “bubble nets” for hunting, but the new report shows that the animals also manipulate them in a variety of ways to maximize catches. The behavior places humpbacks among the rare animals that make and use their own tools. “Many animals use tools to help them find food, but very few actually make or modify these tools themselves,” said Lars Bejder, director of the Marine Mammal Research Program (MMRP), University of Hawaii at Manoa. “Humpback whales in southeast Alaska create elaborate bubble nets to catch krill. They skillfully blow bubbles in patterns that form a web with internal rings. They actively control details such ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Javan mocca or Javan slender caesar (Amanita javanica)

OPINION - Javan mocca or Javan slender caesar ( Amanita javanica ) is a mysterious fungus species and has been enigmatic since it was first reported by Boedijn in 1951 and after that no explanation or reporting of specimens is believed to be the same as expected. Boedijn (1951) described A. javanica which grew on Java island as having the characteristics covered in the Amanita genus. Corner and Bas in 1962 tried to describe Javan mocca and all species in Amanita based on specimens in Singapore. Over time some reports say that they have found A. javanica specimens in other Southeast Asia including also China, Japan, India and Nepal. But there is no definitive knowledge and many doubt whether the specimen is the same as described by Boedijn (1951). I was fortunate to have seen this species one afternoon and soon I took out a camera for some shots. In fact, I've only met this mushroom species once. Javan mocca is an endangered species and I have never seen in my experience in...
Post a Comment
Read more

Awar awar (Ficus septica)

Awar-awar or lagnob or hauli tree or barabar or sirih popar or tobo tobo ( Ficus septica ) is species of plants in Moraceae, trees grow in bushes or in neglected places and sap contained in roots, twigs, leaves and fruit is used to treat poisoning and digestive problems. F. septica is usually 1-5 m high, although in the forest it can be up to 25 m. Round, hollow and bare branches. Roots, twigs, leaves and fruit will emit a yellow sap and sticky if injured. The base of the leaves is large and spiky, arranged alternately or face to face with a stem length of 2.5-5 cm. Large leaf blade, round egg, 9-30x9-16 cm, rounded base and blunt narrow tip, flat-edged, upper side dark green with 6-12 secondary bones pale white. Fruit paired, single or clustered up to 4 items, short-stemmed, at the base has 3 protective leaves, light green or gray green and 1.5 cm in diameter. F. septica is food for 22 animal species including wasps, bats, birds, monkeys and mice as well as seed dispersing vecto...
Post a Comment
Read more