Patikan kebo or asthma plant (Euphorbia hirta) is a species of plant in Euphorbiaceae, an annual herb, prostrate or erect, growing to 60 cm, stems cylindrical, reddish green, hairy and producing abundant white latex, white or brown taproot.
E. hirta has leaves having short stalks, sitting in pairs and opposite on the stem. Strands are elliptical, margin serrated, up to 5 veins, hairy on both sides, completely green or have a dark red plot in the center.
The flowers are unisexual, grow in the axils of the leaves at each leaf node, have no petals and are generally on the stalk. The fruit is a capsule with 3 valves and produces seeds that are red and oval in shape with 4 sides.
TAXON
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamily: Euphorbioideae
Tribe: Euphorbieae
Subtribe: Euphorbiinae
Genus: Euphorbia L. in Sp. Pl.: 450 (1753)
Subgenus: Chamaesyce
Section: Anisophyllum
Species: Euphorbia hirta L. in Sp. Pl.: 454 (1753)
HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS
Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp. in Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 303 (1909)
Desmonema hirta (L.) Raf. in Atlantic J. 1: 178 (1833)
Ditrita hirta (L.) Raf. in Sylva Tellur.: 115 (1838)
Euphorbia hirta var. typica L.C.Wheeler in Contr. Gray Herb. 127: 68 (1939)
Euphorbia pilulifera var. hirta (L.) Thell. in P.F.A.Ascherson & K.O.R.Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 7: 425 (1917)
HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS
Chamaesyce gemella (Lag.) Small in Fl. Miami: 110 (1913)
Chamaesyce hirta f. glaberrima (Koidz.) Hurus. in J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 279 (1954)
Chamaesyce hirta var. glaberrima (Koidz.) H.Hara in J. Jap. Bot. 16: 120 (1940)
Chamaesyce hirta var. laeticincta Croizat in J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 188 (1943)
Chamaesyce hirta f. litoralis Hurus. in J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 278 (1954)
Chamaesyce karwinskyi (Boiss.) Millsp. in Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 407 (1916)
Chamaesyce pekinensis var. glaberrima (Koidz.) Makino & Nemoto in Fl. Japan (Nippon-Shokubutsu-Sōran): 644 (1925)
Chamaesyce pilulifera var. glaberrima (Koidz.) H.Hara in J. Jap. Bot. 14: 356 (1938)
Chamaesyce rosei Millsp. in Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 402 (1916)
Euphorbia bancana Miq. in Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv.: 463 (1861)
Euphorbia capitata Lam. in Encycl. 2: 422 (1788)
Euphorbia chrysochaeta W.Fitzg. in J. Roy. Soc. Western Australia 3: 162 (1918)
Euphorbia gemella Lag. in Gen. Sp. Pl.: 17 (1816)
Euphorbia globulifera Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 56 (1817)
Euphorbia hirta var. destituta L.C.Wheeler in Contr. Gray Herb. 127: 70 (1939)
Euphorbia hirta var. glaberrima Koidz. in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 33: 118 (1919)
Euphorbia karwinskyi Boiss. in Cent. Euphorb.: 6 (1860)
Euphorbia nodiflora Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 613 (1840)
Euphorbia obliterata Jacq. in Enum. Syst. Pl.: 22 (1760)
Euphorbia pilulifera var. arechavaletae Herter in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo, ser. 2, 1: 71 (1910 publ. 1911)
Euphorbia pilulifera var. discolor Engelm. in W.H.Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot.: 188 (1859)
Euphorbia pilulifera var. glabrescens Thell. in P.F.A.Ascherson & K.O.R.Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 7: 426 (1917)
Euphorbia pilulifera var. guaranitica Chodat & Hassl. in Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 5: 679 (1905)
Euphorbia pilulifera f. humifusa Domin in Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 312 (1927)
Euphorbia pilulifera var. obliterata (Jacq.) Hitchc. in Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 4: 127 (1893)
Euphorbia pilulifera f. rubromaculata Domin in Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 312 (1927)
Euphorbia pilulifera f. viridis Domin in Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 312 (1927)
Euphorbia verticillata Vell. in Fl. Flumin.: 202 (1829)
PUBLICATIONS
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VERNACULAR NAME
Afrikaans: Bloubekruip, Rooi euphorbia, Rooimelkbossie, Rooimelkkruid
Assamese: Gakheerotee bon
Bengali: হাঁপানি উদ্ভিদ - বারোকর্ণী - বারোখের্ণী Barokarni, Barokherni
Betawi: Gelang susu, Gendong anak
Burmese: ပန်းနာရင်ကျပ်အပင်
Cebuano: Tawa Tawa
Chinese (simplified): 飞扬草
Chinese (traditional): 飛揚草 - 大飛揚草 - 乳仔草 - 紅骨大本乳仔草
English: Asthma Plant, Ara tanan, Garden spurge, Hairy spurge, Pillpod Sandmat, Asthma Weed, Pill-Bearing Spurge, Pillpod Spurge, Queensland Asthma-Weed, Red Euphorbia, Saoo
Filipino: Tawa-tawa, Botobotonis, Gatas-gatas, Maragatas
Finnish: Kerätyräkki
French: Malnommée, Euphorbe à fleurs en tête, Euphorbe pilulifère
Halmahera: Sosononga
Hindi: अस्थमा प्लांट - बड़ा दूधी - दुद्धी - लाल-दूद्धी - मोठी दूधी Bara dudhi, Duddhi, Lal-dudhi, Mothi dudhi
Indonesian: Patikan kebo
Japanese: シマニシキソウ
Java: Patikan Kebo, Kukon-kukon
Kannada: Hachchedida, Kempu nene akki soppu, Accheche, Achchedida, Akkigida, Kempuneneyakk, Acce gida, Karihal soppu, Taddina gida, Halukudi
Khmer: រុក្ខជាតិជំងឺហឺត
Konkani: Dudurli
Korean: 털땅빈대
Lao: ພືດທີ່ເປັນພະຍາດຫືດ - ມຸກ ມາຍ - ນາມ ຣາ ຊາ 'ຊີ
Madura: Kukon-kukon, Kasèkaan
Malayalam: Nelapalai, Nilappaala, Nilappala, Kuzhinagappala
Malaysia: Ambin jantan, Kelusan, Keremak susu
Manipuri: Pakhang leiton, Pakhangba maton, pakhamba maton
Marathi: Dudhi
Melayu: Daun biji kacang
Mizo: Zawhte-hlo
Nepali: आंखले झार - दुधे झार - दुधिया - रातो मासे लहरा - रातो लहरे घाँस - चिम्फर झार - जोतने झार Ankhle Jhaar, Dudhe Jhaar, Dudhiyaa, Raato Maase Laharaa, Raato Lahare Ghaans, Chimphar Jhaar, Jotane Jhaar
Oria: Cheldudhi, Chitakuli, Chitakuteai, Hari Harik, Hari Hari
PNG: Sip, Kiki kana kuku
Portuguese: Erva-de-Santa-Luzia
Prakrit: Duddhia
Rajasthani: Dhedhi-dudheli
Russian: Молочай волосистый
Sanskrit: Dugdhika, Ksira, Nagari, Nagarjun
Sinhala: බර දුධි - අම්මාන් පචරිසි
Spanish: Golondrina
Sunda: Nanangkaan
Swahili: Mziwaziwa
Tamil: அம்மான் பச்சாரிசி Ammam Paccharisi
Tangkhul: Pakhang leiton
Telugu: Nanabalu, Nanapala, Dudhi, Bidarie, Reddyvarnanalu
Ternate: Isu maibi
Thai: ต้นหอบหืด - น้ำนมราชสีห์ - น้ำน้อมราชสี - ย่าน้ำหมึก - ย่าหลังอึ่ง
Tidore: Isu gibi
Vietnam: Cây hen suyễn
Aryo Bandoro
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