Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) is a species of plant in the Poaceae, herbaceous, mostly erect stem, up to 1.5 m high, ribbon leaves often purplish at base. Most stems are erect but some will spread over the ground, producing up to 40,000 seeds per year.
E. crus-galli has stems erect to stooped, tall, often thin and branched at the base. The leaves are ribbon-shaped, flat, glabrous, 30-50 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, scaly and slightly thickened at the edges. The sheath is smooth and often reddish.
Panicle 8-30 cm long, green or purple, prominent, slightly nodding, tightly branched, 5 cm long and erect. The spines are 3-4 mm long, densely arranged on the branches, ovate, often long-stemmed, pale green to dull purple and short hairs along the veins. Racemes spreading, 10 cm long and sometimes branched. The glume and lower lemma are finely haired on the surface with stiffer hairs in the veins.
The first glume is about two-fifths along the spikelet, deltoid, the second glume is along the spikelet, short-awned. The sterile lemma is webbed with straight scabrous awns, 2-4 cm long or without awn. The lemma is fertile ovate-elliptic, pointed, pale yellow, shiny, smooth, 3-3.5 mm long.
TAXON
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Panicoideae
Tribe: Paniceae
Subtribe: Boivinellinae
Genus: Echinochloa P.Beauv. in Ess. Agrostogr.: 53 (1812)
Species: Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv. in Ess. Agrostogr.: 53 (1812)
Subspecies: Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. crus-galli, Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. utilis (Ohwi & Yabuno) T.Koyama
HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS
Echinochloa disticha St.-Lag. in A.Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8, 2: 892 (1889)
Milium crus-galli (L.) Moench in Methodus: 202 (1794)
Oplismenus crus-galli (L.) Dumort. in Observ. Gramin. Belg.: 138 (1824)
Orthopogon crus-galli (L.) Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 1: 307 (1824)
Panicum alectorocnemum St.-Lag. in Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 70 (1880)
Panicum alectromerum Dulac in Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 76 (1867)
Panicum crus-galli L. in Sp. Pl.: 56 (1753)
Panicum crus-galli subsp. breviaristatum Ehrh. in Hannover. Mag. 18: 214 (1780)
Panicum grossum Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 18 (1796)
Pennisetum crus-galli (L.) Baumg. in Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 277 (1816)
PUBLICATIONS
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VERNACULAR NAME
Afrikaans: Hanepootmanna
Arabic: دخن أزغب
Aragon: Cola de caballo, Mutxitxa
Belarusian: Брыца звычайная - ці Курынае проса
Bengali: বুরাশামা Burashama
Burmese: မেই့-အိုင်ဟီ Myet-ihi
Chinese (simplified): 稗
Chinese (traditional): 稗 - 稗 - 大骨草
Czech: Ježatka kuří noha
Danish: Almindelig hanespore, Hanespore
Dutch: Europese hanenpoot
English: Barnyard grass, Barnyardgrass, Cockspur grass, Cockspur, Barnyard Millet, Chicken-panic grass, Cock's foot, Water grass, Cocksfoot grass, Cockshin grass
Estonian: Tähk-kukehirss
Euskara: Muchicha
Filipino: Bayokibok, Lagtom, Marapagay
Finnish: Rikkakananhirssi
French: Panic pied-de-coq, Panic des marais, Pied-de-coq. Crête-de-coq, Pattes de poule
German: Hühnerhirse
Greek: Μουχρίτσα
Hebrew: דחנית התרנגולים
Hindi: सांवा घास - समाक Sanwa ghas, Samak
Hong Kong: 稗 - 大骨草
Hungarian: Kakaslábfű. Közönséges kakaslábfű
Indonesia: Jajagoan
Italian: Giavone comune, Panicastrella
Japanese: イヌビエ - ノビエ
Java: Jawan
Kannada: Baraga', Baragu
Khmer: ស្មៅបែកក្បល Smao bek kbol
Korean: 피쌀 - 돌피 - 피
Lithuanian: Paprastoji rietmenė
Malayalam: Oothupullu, Kavadapullu, Varige, Varagu, Varaku
Malaysia: Padi burung, Rumput kekusa basar
Marathi: Bover, Pacad, Barag
Mono: Pawai
Nepali: डन्डी सम - टुण्डे समा - सामा घास Dunde saamaa, Tunde saamaa, Saamaa ghaans
Norwegian: Hønsehirse
Pashto: بارا سنواک Bara sanwak
Polish: Chwastnica jednostronna
Portuguese: Capim-arroz, Milhã-pé-de-galo
Punjabi: Hisar
Romanian: Iarba barboasa, Mohor lat
Russian: Ежовник обыкновенный - Ежовник куриное просо
Sanskrit: Varuka
Sinhala: කාමායි - සියාමා - වරකු Kæmāyi, Siyāmā, Varaku
Slovak: Ježatka kuria
Slovenian: Navadna kostreba
Sotho: Joang-ba-masimo
Spanish: Mijo triguero
Sunda: Jajagoan
Swedish: Hönshirs
Taiwan: 稗
Tamil: காமாய் - ஷ்யாமா - வரகு Cāmai, Syāmā, Varaku
Telugu: Oodarulu, Cāma, ṭsāma, Varaga, Varuvu
Thai: ยา-พงลามัน - ยา-ข้าวโนก Ya-plonglaman, Ya-khaonok
Turkish: Darıcan
Ukrainian: Плоскуха звичайна
United Kingdom: Cockspur
Urdu: Bara sanwak
Vietnam: بارہ سنواک Cô' lông vûc, Song chong
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