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Osier-like rattan (Calamus viminalis)

Dlium Osier-like rattan (Calamus viminalis)

Osier-like rattan (Calamus viminalis) is a species of plant in the Arecaceae, climbing up to 35 meters or forming dense thickets, cylindrical stems, up to 4 cm in diameter, segmented, green, full of spines up to 4 cm long and black.

C. viminalis has a green sheath. The petiole has brown or black spines along the underside, straight or curved inward. The leaves has units on each side with spaced groups for 3-5 units, regular and green.



Inflorescence in panicles with branching stalks. The fruit is round, whitish or yellowish, up to 1 cm in diameter and sometimes in pairs.

Osier-like rattan grow in dense colonies in the lowlands to 600 meters elevation in rainforests and often near the sea and behind mangrove formations. The rods are generally used as raw materials for making tables, chairs and household crafts.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Arecales
Family: Arecaceae
Subfamily: Calamoideae
Tribe: Calameae
Genus: Calamus L. in Sp. Pl.: 325 (1753)
Species: Calamus viminalis Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 2: 203 (1799)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Palmijuncus viminalis (Willd.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 732 (1891)
Rotang viminalis (Willd.) Baill. in Hist. Pl. 13: 299 (1895)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Calamus buroensis Mart. ex Walp. in Ann. Bot. Syst. 3: 486 (1852)
Calamus extensus Mart. in Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 210 (1838)
Calamus fasciculatus Roxb. in Fl. Ind., ed. 1832. 3: 779 (1832)
Calamus fasciculatus subvar. andamanicus Becc. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 11(1): 207 (1908)
Calamus fasciculatus subvar. bengalensis Becc. (1908)
Calamus fasciculatus subvar. cochinchinensis Becc. (1908)
Calamus fasciculatus subvar. pinangianus Becc. (1908)
Calamus litoralis Blume in Rumphia 3: 43 (1847)
Calamus phuocbinhensis A.J.Hend. & N.Q.Dung in Phytotaxa 135: 23 (2013)
Calamus pseudorotang Mart. (1838)
Calamus siamensis Becc. in Rec. Bot. Surv. India 2: 203 (1902)
Calamus siamensis var. malaianus Furtado in Gard. Bull. Singapore 15: 215 (1956)
Calamus viminalis subvar. andamanicus Becc. (1908)
Calamus viminalis subvar. bengalensis Becc. (1908)
Calamus viminalis subvar. cochinchinensis Becc. (1908)
Calamus viminalis var. fasciculatus (Roxb.) Becc. in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 6: 444 (1892)
Calamus viminalis subvar. pinangianus Becc. (1908)
Calamus viminalis subsp. prostratus Blume in J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 7: 1328 (1830)
Palmijuncus fasciculatus (Roxb.) Kuntze (1891)
Palmijuncus litoralis (Blume) Kuntze (1891)
Palmijuncus pseudorotang (Mart.) Kuntze (1891)

PUBLICATIONS

Anh, T.T.P. & Henderson, A. (2017). Thực Vật Chí Việt Nam. Flora of Vietnam 13: 1-414. Nhà xuất bản khoa học và kỹ thuật, Hà Nội.

Barfod, A.S. & Dransfield, J. (2013). Flora of Thailand 11(3): 323-498. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.

Bhattacharya, R.P., Pal, D.C. & Pati, B.R. (2014). A sytematic census of monocot climbers of Bihar anf Jharkhand states. Indian Journal of Forestry 37: 317-324.

Govaerts, R. & Dransfield, J. (2005). World Checklist of Palms: 1-223. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.

Henderson, A. (2009). Palms of Southern Asia: 1-197. Princeton university press, Princeton and Oxford.

Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.

Peters, C.M. & Henderson, A. (2014). Systematics, ecology and management of Rattans in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam: 1-222. Agricultural Printing House.

Sharief, M.U. (ed.) (2024). Flora of India 28: 1-764. Botanical Survey of India.

Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 23: 1-515. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

VERNACULAR NAME

Alak: rebou
Andaman Islands: Dudh beth
Assamese: Pri
Bali: Penjalin cacing
Chinese (simplified): 柳条省藤
Chinese (traditional): 柳條省藤
English: Osier-like rattan
Hindi: Marang biti, Barabiti
Hmong: Katengparua
Indonesia: Rotan glatik
Java: Penjalin glatik
Khamu: Blong chang
Khmer: ប៉ាដាវ - ផ្សារដីឥដ្ឋ - ផ្សារដីក្រហម Padao, Phdau kraek, Phdao chhvaing krek
Lao: ຫວາຍໂຕນ - ວາຍນາ - ຫວາຍຄຳ - ຫວາຍນາຮັ່ງ - ຫວາຍ ນ - ວັຍທິດີ - ຫວາຍນ້ຳຫຼວງ Wai ton, Wai na, Wai khom, Wai namhang, Wai nang, Wai tiudeet, Wai namleuang
Oria: Panibeth, Beto
Telugu: Peung
Thai: ไหวจันทร์ - ไหวซอม - ไหวซัมไป่เตา - หวายงามข้าว - วาย นัมฮัง - ไหวแซมบาย - ไหวดง Wai mon, Wai som, Wai sam bai taw, Wai ngamkhao, Wai namhang, Wai sambai, Wai dong
Tripura: Bet gota, Rigorusam

Aryo Bandoro
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