Skip to main content

Kenikir (Cosmos sulphureus)

Dlium Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus)

Kenikir (Cosmos sulphureus) is a shrub plant that has a taproot and is up to 250 cm high, has stems that are sturdy, strong, erect, widely branched, quadrangular with longitudinal and hairy grooves. Leaves give aromatics when kneaded and colorful flowers depend on the culture.

C. sulphureus has compound leaves, pointed edges, grows crossed to face, flat edges, 15-25 cm long and green. Kenikir is a yearly plant with simple leaves arranged alternately along the stem of the plant with ovate shape and pinnatisect.



Young leaves do not separate significantly from the main leaf bone. The position of the leaf is faced with a long shaped stem like a gutter. The top leaves in a row stick to the stems shorter, smaller and less shared.

The flowers have many petals and in the subtropical region come from June to October, while in the tropics throughout the year. Kenikir has a compound flower that grows at the end of the stem. The flower crown consists of eight leaves for colored pink, yellow and bronze.

In Indonesia, kenikir leaves are usually eaten as fresh vegetables. Traditional Javanese medicine uses kenikir leaves for anti-bone loss, accelerates blood circulation, and lowers blood pressure.

TAXON

Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Coreopsideae
Genus: Cosmos Cav. in Icon. 1: 9 (1791)
Species: Cosmos sulphureus Cav. in Icon. 1: 56 (1791)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Bidens sulphurea (Cav.) Sch.Bip. in B.Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald: 308 (1856)
Cosmea sulphurea (Cav.) Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 3: 2250 (1803)
Cosmos sulphureus var. typicus Sherff in Brittonia 6: 341 (1948)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Bidens artemisiifolia Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 321 (1891)
Coreopsis artemisiifolia Jacq. in Ic. Pl. Rar. 3(12): t. 595 (1793)
Cosmos artemisiifolius (Jacq.) M.R.Almeida in Fl. Maharashtra 3A: 93 (2001)
Cosmos aurantiacus Klatt in Leopoldina 25: 105 (1889)
Cosmos gracilis Sherff in Bot. Gaz. 88: 304 (1929)
Cosmos sulphureus var. exaristatus Sherff in Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 411 (1932)
Cosmos sulphureus var. hirsuticaulis Sherff in Amer. J. Bot. 24: 90 (1937)

PUBLICATIONS

Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.

Barooah, C. & Ahmed, I. (2014). Plant diversity of Assam. A checklist of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms: 1-599. Assam science technology and environment council, India.

Ghafoor, A. & al. (2021). Flora of Pakistan 224: 1-310. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.

Ghazanfar, S.A., Edmondson, J.R. & Hind, D.J.N. (eds.) (2019). Flora of Iraq 6: 1-458. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.

Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].

Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 2: 865-1712. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.

Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.

Koyama, H., Bunwong, S., Pornpongrungrueng, P. & Hind, D.J.N. (2016). Flora of Thailand 13(2): 143-428. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.

Liogier, A.H. (1996). Flora de la Española 8: 1-588. Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo.

Nurtjahya, E. & al. (2026). Flowering Plants of Bangka Island: Native and Introduced. Acta Botanica Hungarica 68: 127-156.

Roskov Y. & al. (eds.) (2018). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands.

Sarder, N.U. & Hassan, M.A. (eds.) (2018). Vascular flora of Chittagong and the Chittagong Hill Tracts 3: 1-978. Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka.

VERNACULAR NAME

Arabic: قسموس كبريتي - قسموس اصفر
Chinese (simplified): 黄花波斯菊 - 硫华菊 - 黄秋英 - 黄波斯菊 - 硫磺菊 - 硫黄菊
Chinese (traditional): 黃波斯菊 - 硫華菊 - 黄秋英
Czech: Krásenka sírožlutá
Danish: Svovlgul kosmos
English: Sulfur cosmos, Sulphur cosmos, Yellow cosmos, Orange cosmos
Finnish: Keltakosmos, Keltakosmoskukka
French: Cosmos sulfureux, Cosmos de Klondike
Hong Kong: 黃波斯菊
Indonesian: Kenikir, Kenikir sulfur
Japanese: キバナコスモス
Java: Kenikir
Korean: 노랑코스모스
Macao: 黃波斯菊
Malaysia: Jarak bunting, Kosmos kuning
Manipuri: Konung sanarei
Polish: Kosmos siarkowy, Kosmos żółty, Onętek siarkowy
Portuguese: Cosmos-amarelo
Russian: Космея серно-жёлтая
Slovak: Krasuľka sírová
Spanish: Mirasol amarillo, Cinco llagas, Panchita
Swedish: Gullskära
Taiwan: 黃波斯菊
Thai: ดาวกระจายเหลือง
Turkish: Sülfür Kozmos

Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Dlium
Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) manufacture bubble-nets as tools to increase prey intake

NEWS - Humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) create bubble net tools while foraging, consisting of internal tangential rings, and actively control the number of rings, their size, depth and horizontal spacing between the surrounding bubbles. These structural elements of the net increase prey intake sevenfold. Researchers have known that humpback whales create “bubble nets” for hunting, but the new report shows that the animals also manipulate them in a variety of ways to maximize catches. The behavior places humpbacks among the rare animals that make and use their own tools. “Many animals use tools to help them find food, but very few actually make or modify these tools themselves,” said Lars Bejder, director of the Marine Mammal Research Program (MMRP), University of Hawaii at Manoa. “Humpback whales in southeast Alaska create elaborate bubble nets to catch krill. They skillfully blow bubbles in patterns that form a web with internal rings. They actively control details such ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Javan mocca or Javan slender caesar (Amanita javanica)

OPINION - Javan mocca or Javan slender caesar ( Amanita javanica ) is a mysterious fungus species and has been enigmatic since it was first reported by Boedijn in 1951 and after that no explanation or reporting of specimens is believed to be the same as expected. Boedijn (1951) described A. javanica which grew on Java island as having the characteristics covered in the Amanita genus. Corner and Bas in 1962 tried to describe Javan mocca and all species in Amanita based on specimens in Singapore. Over time some reports say that they have found A. javanica specimens in other Southeast Asia including also China, Japan, India and Nepal. But there is no definitive knowledge and many doubt whether the specimen is the same as described by Boedijn (1951). I was fortunate to have seen this species one afternoon and soon I took out a camera for some shots. In fact, I've only met this mushroom species once. Javan mocca is an endangered species and I have never seen in my experience in...
Post a Comment
Read more

Awar awar (Ficus septica)

Awar-awar or lagnob or hauli tree or barabar or sirih popar or tobo tobo ( Ficus septica ) is species of plants in Moraceae, trees grow in bushes or in neglected places and sap contained in roots, twigs, leaves and fruit is used to treat poisoning and digestive problems. F. septica is usually 1-5 m high, although in the forest it can be up to 25 m. Round, hollow and bare branches. Roots, twigs, leaves and fruit will emit a yellow sap and sticky if injured. The base of the leaves is large and spiky, arranged alternately or face to face with a stem length of 2.5-5 cm. Large leaf blade, round egg, 9-30x9-16 cm, rounded base and blunt narrow tip, flat-edged, upper side dark green with 6-12 secondary bones pale white. Fruit paired, single or clustered up to 4 items, short-stemmed, at the base has 3 protective leaves, light green or gray green and 1.5 cm in diameter. F. septica is food for 22 animal species including wasps, bats, birds, monkeys and mice as well as seed dispersing vecto...
Post a Comment
Read more