Skip to main content

Tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis)

Dlium Tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis)

Tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis) is a species of plant in the Fabaceae, annuals, erect, up to 2.3 meters high, woody stems, branched, cylindrical, smooth bark and green or brown, roots up to 3 meters long, grows at elevations up to 2000 meters.

L. mutabilis has a genome with 2n = 48 chromosomes and there is high genome variation which causes large morphological differences. The pods are 5–12 cm (2–5 in) long with 2–9 seeds per pod. The weight of a thousand seeds (TSW) is about 200 g.



The leaves are palmate and have a distinctive appearance with 5-12 leaflets, oval or lanceolate in shape. The flower crown is 1-2 cm and contains 5 petals. The color variations are high and range from white to purple. White is recessive to purple. The strong taproot is 3 meters long.

The seeds are white, contain more than 40% protein, 20% fat and are used as food for soups, stews, salads and mixed with boiled corn. Protein is rich in the essential amino acid lysine. Distribution of essential fatty acids with 28% linoleic acid (omega-6) and 2% linolenic acid (omega-3).

The seed coat is soft and easy to cook, but has a bitter taste due to the alkaloid content. It contains very high amounts of sparteine, which makes up almost half of the alkaloid content. However, the alkaloids are water-soluble and can be removed by soaking the seeds for several days in water.

This plant produces compounds called Bandas de Lupinus albus doce (BLADs). Just like other genera, it produces oligomers called BLAD-containing oligomers (BCO). BCO has fungicidal action with several MoA.

This species is able to fix nitrogen from the air and subsequent cultivation can obtain profits of between 60-140 kg of nitrogen per hectare. Incorporation in the flowering stage results in higher amounts of organic matter and better soil structure.

This species grows in cool climates and mainly in valleys in the highlands of tropical latitudes. This plant can be planted at an elevation of 800-3000 meters. This plant is exceptionally drought and frost resistant.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Tribe: Genisteae
Genus: Lupinus L. in Sp. Pl.: 721 (1753)
Species: Lupinus mutabilis Sweet in Brit. Fl. Gard. 2: t. 130 (1826)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Lupinus cruckshanksii Hook. in Bot. Mag. 58: t. 3056 (1831)
Lupinus mutabilis var. cruckshanksii (Hook.) D.Don in R.Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 6: t. 203 (1833)
Lupinus mutabilis f. cruckshanksii (Hook.) Voss in Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 196 (1894)
Lupinus mutabilis var. roseus Vargas ex C.P.Sm. in Spec. Lupinorum: 588 (1948)
Lupinus mutabilis f. variicolor T.Moore in Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 1: 319 (1860)

PUBLICATIONS

Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.

Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.

Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánes, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador: 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Lock, J.M. & Ford, C.S. (2004). Legumes of Malesia a Check-List: 1-295. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-List: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

VERNACULAR NAME

English: Tarwi, Lupin andean
Estonian: Muutlik lupiin, Muutlik hundiuba
Finnish: Tuoksulupiini
German: Anden-Lupine
Indonesian: Tarwi, Lupin
Japanese: マダラハウチワマメ
Java: Tarwi
Russian: Люпин изменчивый
Slovak: Vlčí bôb menlivý
Spanish: Chocho

Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Dlium
Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) manufacture bubble-nets as tools to increase prey intake

NEWS - Humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) create bubble net tools while foraging, consisting of internal tangential rings, and actively control the number of rings, their size, depth and horizontal spacing between the surrounding bubbles. These structural elements of the net increase prey intake sevenfold. Researchers have known that humpback whales create “bubble nets” for hunting, but the new report shows that the animals also manipulate them in a variety of ways to maximize catches. The behavior places humpbacks among the rare animals that make and use their own tools. “Many animals use tools to help them find food, but very few actually make or modify these tools themselves,” said Lars Bejder, director of the Marine Mammal Research Program (MMRP), University of Hawaii at Manoa. “Humpback whales in southeast Alaska create elaborate bubble nets to catch krill. They skillfully blow bubbles in patterns that form a web with internal rings. They actively control details such ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Javan mocca or Javan slender caesar (Amanita javanica)

OPINION - Javan mocca or Javan slender caesar ( Amanita javanica ) is a mysterious fungus species and has been enigmatic since it was first reported by Boedijn in 1951 and after that no explanation or reporting of specimens is believed to be the same as expected. Boedijn (1951) described A. javanica which grew on Java island as having the characteristics covered in the Amanita genus. Corner and Bas in 1962 tried to describe Javan mocca and all species in Amanita based on specimens in Singapore. Over time some reports say that they have found A. javanica specimens in other Southeast Asia including also China, Japan, India and Nepal. But there is no definitive knowledge and many doubt whether the specimen is the same as described by Boedijn (1951). I was fortunate to have seen this species one afternoon and soon I took out a camera for some shots. In fact, I've only met this mushroom species once. Javan mocca is an endangered species and I have never seen in my experience in...
Post a Comment
Read more

Awar awar (Ficus septica)

Awar-awar or lagnob or hauli tree or barabar or sirih popar or tobo tobo ( Ficus septica ) is species of plants in Moraceae, trees grow in bushes or in neglected places and sap contained in roots, twigs, leaves and fruit is used to treat poisoning and digestive problems. F. septica is usually 1-5 m high, although in the forest it can be up to 25 m. Round, hollow and bare branches. Roots, twigs, leaves and fruit will emit a yellow sap and sticky if injured. The base of the leaves is large and spiky, arranged alternately or face to face with a stem length of 2.5-5 cm. Large leaf blade, round egg, 9-30x9-16 cm, rounded base and blunt narrow tip, flat-edged, upper side dark green with 6-12 secondary bones pale white. Fruit paired, single or clustered up to 4 items, short-stemmed, at the base has 3 protective leaves, light green or gray green and 1.5 cm in diameter. F. septica is food for 22 animal species including wasps, bats, birds, monkeys and mice as well as seed dispersing vecto...
Post a Comment
Read more