Prickly fanpetals (Sida spinosa)

Prickly fanpetals (Sida spinosa) is plant species in the Malvaceae, annual or perennial shrubs, erect, up to 1 meter tall, woody stems, cylindrical, branched, rootstock light brown and leathery, scion green or reddish.

S. spinosa has leaves with stalks 2-20 mm long and 1-3 spiny tubercles on the stem at the base of the petiole. The blade is 0.5-4 cm long, 0.3-2.5 cm wide, elongated, oval or slightly rounded at the base, the margins are serrated and tapered at the tip.



The flowers grow in the axils of the leaves, fan-shaped, 5 lobes, white or yellow, the pistil and the middle are yellow.

The fruit is globose, pubescent on top, cracked at the apex but the seeds are detached from the crushed base. Seeds are 1.5 mm long, glabrous and brown to black.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Malvoideae
Tribe: Malveae
Genus: Sida L. in Sp. Pl.: 683 (1753)
Species: Sida spinosa L. in Sp. Pl.: 683 (1753)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Malva spinosa (L.) E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2. 6: 237 (1902)
Malvinda spinosa (L.) Medik. in Malvenfam.: 23 (1787)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Malvinda alnifolia Medik. (1787)
Sida angustifolia Lam. in Encycl. 1: 4 (1783)
Sida angustifolia var. major C.Presl in Reliq. Haenk. 2: 109 (1835)
Sida betonicifolia Pav. ex Hemsl. in Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 1: 106 (1879)
Sida bicolor Cav. in Icon. 4: 6 (1797)
Sida bicuspidata J.F.Gmel. in Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis].: 1050 (1792)
Sida boriara Wall. in Numer. List: n.° 1872 (1829)
Sida emarginata Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 3: 757 (1800)
Sida glandulosa Roxb. ex Wight & Arn. in Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: 58 (1834)
Sida heterocarpa Engelm. ex A.Gray in Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6: 163 (1850)
Sida milleri DC. in Prodr. 1: 472 (1824)
Sida minor Macfad. in Fl. Jamaica 1: 79 (1837)
Sida pimpinellifolia Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 4 (1768)
Sida retusa Wight ex Mast. in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 1: 323 (1874)
Sida scabra Thonn. in C.F.Schumacher, Beskr. Guin. Pl.: 305 (1827)
Sida spinosa f. albiflora Magrath in Rhodora 74: 383 (1972)
Sida spinosa var. angustifolia Griseb. in Fl. Brit. W. I.: 74 (1859)
Sida spinosa var. kazmii Abedin in Pakistan J. Bot. 11: 45 (1979)
Sida subdistans A.St.-Hil. & Naudin in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 18: 50 (1842)
Sida tenuicaulis Hook.f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 232 (1847)
Sida truncata L'Hér. in Stirp. Nov.: 107 (1789)
Sida ulmifolia Retz. in Observ. Bot. 3: 37 (1783)
Malachodendron corchoroides (Forssk.) J.F.Gmel. (1792)
Stewartia corchoroides Forssk. in Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 126 (1775)

PUBLICATIONS

Abedin, S. (1979). Flora of West Pakistan 130: 1-107.

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.

Bailey, C. & al. (2015). Guide to the Vascular Plants of Tennessee: 1-813. University of Tennessee press.

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Barry, J. P. & Celles, J.S. (1991). Flore de Mauritanie 1: 1-359. Centre Regional de Documentation Pedagogique, Nice.

Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.

Bosser, J. & al. (eds.) (1987). Flore des Mascareignes 51-62: 1. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.

Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Brandão, J.L. & al. (2017). Synopsis of Sida (Malvaceae, Malvoideae, Malveae) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Phytotaxa 307: 205-227.

Cervantes Aceves, N. (1992). La Familia Malvaceae en el Estado de Jalisco, Mexico: 1-393. Editorial Universidad de Guadalajara.

Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.

Correa A., Mireya D. Galdames, Carmen Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. S. de Stapf (2004). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Panamá: 1-599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.

Danihelka, J. Chrtek, J. & Kaplan, Z. (2012). Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic. Preslia. Casopsi Ceské Botanické Spolecnosti 84: 647-811.

Danin, A. & Fragman- Sapir, O. (2019). Flora of Israel Online http://flora.org.il/en/plants.

Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.

Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2015). Flora of North America North of Mexico 6: 1-468. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.

Florence, J. (2004). Flore de la Polynésie Française 2: 1-503. IRD editions, Paris.

Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.

Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.

Ghazanfar, S.A. (1992). An Annotated Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Oman and their Vernacular names. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2: 1-153.

Grierson, A.J.C. & Long, D.G. (2001). Flora of Bhutan 2: 1-1675. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.

Hammel, B.E. & al. (eds.) (2007). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica, volumen VI, Dicotyledóneas (Haloragaceae-Phytolaccaceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 111: 1-933. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 2: 865-1712. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.

Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.

Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.

Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (1999). Flora of Japan IIc: 1-328. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.

Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Kharkevich, S.S. (ed.) (1987). Plantae Vasculares Orientalis Extremi Sovietici 2: 1-448. Nauka, Leningrad.

Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.

Kozhevnikov, A.E., Kozhevnikov, Z.V., Kwak, M. & Lee, B.Y. (2019). Illustrated flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russian Far East: 1-1124. National institute of biological resources.

Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.

Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590. Smithsonian Institution.

Kumar, S. (2012). Herbaceous flora of Jaunsar-Bawar (Uttarkhand), India: enumerations. Phytotaxonomy 12: 33-56.

MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.

Mao, A.A. & Dash, S.S. (2020). Flowering Plants of India an Annotated Checklist (Dicotyledons) 1: 1-970. Botanical Survey of India.

Meena, S.L. (2012). A checklist of the vascular plants of Banaskantha district, Gujarat, India. Nelumbo 54: 39-91.

Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.

Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Riedl, I. (1976). Flora Iranica 120: 1-86. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz.

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Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) in Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2012). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 3(2): 1-623. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.

Villaseñor, J.L. (2016). Checklist of the native vascular plants of Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 559-902.

Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.

Werier, D. (2017). Catalogue of the Vascular plants of New York state. Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 27: 1-542.

Yuncker, T.G. (1959). Plants of Tonga. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 220: 1-283.

Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.

van Proosdij, A.S.J. (2012). Arnoldo's Zakflora, ed. 4: 1-318. Walburg Pers, Zutphen.

VERNACULAR NAME

Chinese (simplified): 刺黄花棯
Chinese (traditional): 刺金午時花
Czech: Vlákeň ostnitá
Danish: Tornet sida
English: Prickly fanpetals, Paddy's lucerne, Prickly mallow, Prickly sida, Spiny sida
Finnish: Otasiida
French: Sida épineux
German: Dorn-Malvinde
Hebrew: סידה קוצנית
Japanese: アマミキンゴジカ - アメリカキンゴジカ
Korean: 공단풀
Norwegian: Ugrashamp
Portuguese: Reloginho
Russian: Грудника колючая
Slovak: Sida tŕnitá
Spanish: Huinar
Swedish: Faggmalva
United Kingdom: Prickly mallow

Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
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