Beach sheoak (Casuarina equisetifolia)

Cemara laut or beach sheoak (Casuarina equisetifolia) is a species of plant in the Casuarinaceae, an evergreen tree with a height of 6-35 meters, the leaves consist of slender twigs, many green to gray-green branches with a diameter of 0.5-1 mm, scaly leaves. small in 6-8 circles.

C. equisetifolia has small catkin-like inflorescences, male flowers with simple spikes and 0.7-4 cm long, female flowers with short stalks.







The fruit is an oval woody structure 10-24 mm long, 9-13 mm in diameter, resembling a conifer cone consisting of many carpels and each containing one small seed with a wing length of 6-8 mm.

The ripe fruit is brown and opens to disperse the seeds in the water. The seeds can only grow in hot sand near the beach. The seeds sprouted and formed a thicket.

This tree is used as a bonsai object and an ornamental plant in urban areas. The wood is used for shingles, fencing, firewood, erosion prevention and windbreak elements.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Fagales
Family: Casuarinaceae
Genus: Casuarina L. in Amoen. Acad. 4: 143 (1759)
Species: Casuarina equisetifolia L. in Amoen. Acad. 4: 143 (1759)
Subspecies: Casuarina equisetifolia subsp. equisetifolia, Casuarina equisetifolia subsp. incana (Benth.) L.A.S.Johnson

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Casuarina equisetifolia var. typica Domin in Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 1 (1921)

PUBLICATIONS

Berendsohn, W.G., Gruber, A.K. & Monterrosa Salomón, J. (2009). Nova silva cusatlantica. Árboles nativos e introduciados de El Salvador. Parte 1: Angiospermae - Familias A a L. Englera 29-1: 1-438.

Berhaut, J. (1974). Flore illustrée du Sénégal 2: 1-695. Gouvernement du Sénégal, Ministère du développement rural direction des eaux et forêta, Dakar.

Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2011). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 3: 1-449. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.

Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

Fairhurst, W. (2004). Flowering Plants of Ascension island: 1-300. Higham Press, Shirland, Alfreton, England.

Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia 41: 41-82.

Florence, J. (2004). Flore de la Polynésie Française 2: 1-503. ORSTOM éditions, Paris.

Fosberg, F.R. & Sachet, M.-H. (1987). Flora of the Gilbert Island, Kiribati, Checklist. Atoll Research Bulletin 295: 1-33.

George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.

Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.

Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].

Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.

Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.

Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2006). Flora of Japan IIa: 1-550. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.

Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.

Karthigeyan, K., Pandey, R.P. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2023). Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2: 1-689. Botanical Survey of India. Ministry of environment, forest and climate change.

Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.

Maliya, S.D. & Datt, B. (2010). A contribution to the flora of Katarniyaghat wildlife sanctuary, Baharaich district, Uttar Pradesh. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 34: 42-68.

Morat, P. & Veillon, J.-M. (1985). Contributions à la conaissance de la végétation et de la flore de Wallis et Futuna. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Section B, Adansonia 7: 259-329.

Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.

Pusalkar, P.K., Mao, A.A. & Inge, P. (eds.) (2022). Flora of India 24: 1-688. Botanical Survey of India.

Rebman, J.P., Gibson, J. & Rich, K. (2016). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Baja California, Mexico. Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History 45: 1-352.

Stinca, A. & al. (2017). New alien vascular species for the flora of southern Italy. Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 72: 295-301.

Sykes, W.R. (1970). Contributions to the flora of Niue. Bulletin, New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research 200: 1-321.

Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.

Woodroffe, C.D. (1985). Vegetation and flora of Nui Atoll, Tuvalu. Atoll Research Bulletin 283: 1-18.

VERNACULAR NAME

Afrikaans: Perdestertboom, Bewerasieboom
Austria: Schachtelhalmblättrige Kasuarine
Bantoanon: Agho
Bengali: বেলাতি-ঝাউ Belati-Jhau
Chinese (simplified): 木麻黄 - 驳骨树 - 马尾树
Chinese (traditional): 木麻黃
Czech: Přesličník přesličkolistý
Danish: Almindelig jerntræ
English: Beach sheoak, Beach she-oak, Coast she-oak, Ironwood, Horsetail tree, Australian pine, Asutralian pine, Coastal beefwood, Mile tree, She oak, South sea ironwood
Finnish: Jouhikasuariina
Florida: Australian pine
French: Filao
German: Schachtelhalmblättrige Kasuarine
Greek: Αυστραλιανό πεύκο
Hindi: जंगलीसारू - जंगली झान Junglisaru, Junglee Jhan
Indonesian: Cemara Laut
Italian: Casuarina comune, Casuarina delle spiagge
Japanese: トクサバモクマオウ - モクマオウ - トキワギョリュウ
Kannada: Surigi mara, Sarvae mara, Gaali mara, Kyasurina
Konkani: Phiramgi saro
Korean: 호주소나무
Malayalam: Sampirani, Aru, Chavukku, Chavakkamaram, Choola, Kattadi
Marathi: Suru
Nepali: जङ्गलिसारु Jaṅgalisāru
Oria: Jamu, Jhabuko, Sobako
Palauan: Ngas
Polish: Rzewnia skrzypolistna
Portuguese: Casuarina-cavalinha, Falso-pinheiro
Russian: Казуарина хвощелистная
Sinhala: චවුකු cavuku
Slovak: Prasličník obyčajný
Spanish: Casuarina, Casuarina australiana, Pino de Australia
Tamil: சாவுகு Chavuku
Telugu: Saruguda, Saruku, Chavuku
Thai: สนทะเล
Tongan: Toa
Turkish: Demir Ağacı
Urdu: جہبوکو Jahbuko

Aryo Bandoro
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