Creeping tick trefoil (Grona triflora)

Creeping tick trefoil (Grona triflora) is a plant species in the Fabaceae, an annual herb or annuals, growing creeping on the ground, strong taproot with cylindrical stems, segmented, rough surface, many branches, brown and white hair .

G. triflora has green leaves, stalks, alternate and compound with three strands. Each leaf is heart-shaped or ovoid, wide at the tip with a center not more than 0.6 cm, white hair and a vein in the middle.



Flowers are bisexual, grow in the axils of the leaves and are white or bright red or purple in the axils. The crown is shaped like a butterfly. Pods slightly curved, hairy, three-chambered and 4-8 seeds. Small seeds, light brown, have modifications such as sharp hairs that allow them to stick firmly to objects.

Tropical plants that grow from the lowlands to an elevation of 1500 meters, rainfall 1500-4000 mm/year. Grows well in low to medium fertility soils, pH 5-6.5 in full sun or in shade.

This plant contains flavonoids, alkoloids, ethanolic, indole-3-acetic acid, trigonelline, choline, hypaphorine, saponins, terpenoids, anthocyanins, tyrumine, steroids, phenolics and amino acids.

This species has been used in traditional medicine to treat flatulence, diarrhea, dysentery, hemorrhoids, asthma, fever, rheumatism, wounds, boils, meningitis, antiseptic, mouthwash, cough, snake venom antidote, smallpox, wound medicine and skin problems.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Tribe: Desmodieae
Subtribe: Desmodiinae
Genus: Grona Lour. in Fl. Cochinch.: 459 (1790)
Species: Grona triflora (L.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi in J. Jap. Bot. 93: 117 (2018)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Aeschynomene triflora (L.) Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 451 (1798)
Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. in Prodr. 2: 334 (1825)
Hedysarum triflorum L. in Sp. Pl.: 749 (1753)
Meibomia triflora (L.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 197 (1891)
Nicolsonia triflora (L.) Griseb. in Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 7: 202 (1857)
Pleurolobus triflorus (L.) J.St.-Hil. in Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, sér. 2, 3: 192 (1812)
Sagotia triflora (L.) Duchass. & Walp. in Linnaea 23: 738 (1851)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Desmodium albiflorum Cordem. in Fl. Réunion: 403 (1895)
Desmodium bullamense G.Don in Gen. Hist. 2: 294 (1832)
Desmodium granulatum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Walp. in Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 737 (1842)
Desmodium stipulaceum (Burm.f.) Hassk. in Cat. Pl. Hort. Bot. Bogor.: 274 (1844)
Desmodium triflorum var. adpressum Ohwi in J. Jap. Bot. 26: 234 (1951)
Desmodium triflorum var. minimus Stehlé in Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 18: 104 (1946)
Desmodium triflorum var. minus Wight & Arn. in Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: 229 (1834)
Desmodium triflorum var. pygmaeum Hoehne in Relat. Commiss. Linhas Telegr. Estratég. Matto Grosso Amazonas 5(8): 73 (1919)
Desmodium triflorum var. villosum Wight & Arn. in Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: 229 (1834)
Hedysarum biflorum P.Willemet in Ann. Bot. (Usteri) 18: 49 (1796)
Hedysarum granulatum Schumach. & Thonn. in C.F.Schumacher, Beskr. Guin. Pl.: 362 (1827)
Hedysarum granuliferum Biehler in Pl. Nov. Herb. Spreng.: 32 (1807)
Hedysarum stipulaceum Burm.f. in Fl. Indica: 168 (1768)
Hippocrepis humilis Blanco in Fl. Filip.: 585 (1837)
Meibomia triflora f. coerulescens Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 197 (1891)
Meibomia triflora f. flavescens Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 197 (1891)
Meibomia triflora var. glabrescens Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 197 (1891)
Meibomia triflora var. pilosa Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 197 (1891)
Meibomia triflora f. purpurea Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 197 (1891)
Meibomia triflora f. violacea Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 197 (1891)
Meibomia triflora f. violacea Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 197 (1891)
Meibomia triflora f. virescens Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 197 (1891)
Nicolsonia reptans Meisn. in Linnaea 21: 260 (1848)
Onobrychis heterophylla Schrank ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 213 (1841)

PUBLICATIONS

Govaerts, R., Nic Lughadha, E., Black, N., Turner, R. & Paton, A. (2021). The World Checklist of Vascular Plants, a continuously updated resource for exploring global plant diversity. Scientific Data 8: 215.

Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.

Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.

Zhu, X.Y., Zhang, R.P. & He, Y.L. (eds.) (2021). An inventory of legume species diversity of Myanmar: 1-297. China Minzu university press.

VERNACULAR NAME

Bengali: কুদালিয়া Kudāliẏā
Burmese: ခရုခွံမြက် Hkaru hkwan myaat
Chinese (simplified): 三点金
Chinese (traditional): 蠅翼草 - 三點金 - 三點金草
English: Creeping tick trefoil, Threeflower ticktrefoil, Three-flower beggarweed
Fiji: Konikoni
Filipino: Kaliskis-dalag, Himbis-puyo, Gumadep
Hindi: कुडलिया - मोथा Kudaliya, Motha
Indonesian: Sisik betok, Rumput Jarem
Japanese: ハイマキエハギ
Java: Delilan, Semaaggen, Jarem
Kannada: Kaadu pullampurasi, Kaadu pullam purasi, Kaadu menthe
Khmer: ស្មៅសំបកខ្យង smaw saambakakhyang
Lao: ຫຍ້າເປືອກຫອຍ Ja peuok hony
Malayalam: Munta-mandu, Nilamparanta
Malaysia: Rumput barek sisek putih, Sisek tenggiling
Marathi: Chipti, Ran-methi
Mizo: Bawngekhlo, Siakthur-suak
Nepali: बाख्रे घाँस - मोटोइ - बुटे कनिके Bākhrē ghām̐sa, Mōṭō'i, Buṭē kanikē
Oriya: Bawngekhlo, Kansisna
Palauan: Olumud
Pashto: کوډالیا
Russian: Десмодиум трёхцветковый
Sanskrit: Hamsapadi, Tripadi
Sinhala: සිරුපුල්ලති - සිරුපුල්ලදි Sirupullati, Sirupulladi
Spanish: Hierba cuartillo
Sunda: Ki mules, Sisik betok, Genteng cangkeng
Tamil: சிறுபுல்லடி Ciṟupullaṭi
Telugu: Moohoodoo, Moordoo, Muntamandu
Thai: หญ้าเกล็ดหอย
Urdu: موتھا - کدلیہ
Vietnam: Hàn the

Aryo Bandoro
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