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Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi)

Dlium Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi)

Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi) is a plant species in the Oxalidaceae, up to 10 meters high, slender stems with a diameter of 30 cm, rough and bumpy bark, slightly branched and leaning upwards, young branches have smooth, velvety hair and are colored light brown.

A. bilimbi has compound leaves, pinnate, arranged in a double format and 20-50 cm long. Each leaf has 11-37 items, seated alternately or in half pairs, short stalk, ovate to oblong, pointed tip, rounded base, flat edge, 2-10 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, green and side bright green underside.



The inflorescence is compound and arranged in panicles 5-20 cm long. Groups, coming out of large branches, star-shaped and red or reddish purple. Buni fruit, oval in shape, 4-8 cm long, yellowish green, watery and sour in taste. The seeds are ovoid and flat. This plant grows in the lowlands with an altitude of up to 500 meters. Likes a place that is not shaded and quite damp.

The plant contains formic acid, glucosides, peroxides, tannins, saponins, amino acids, citric acid, phenolic compounds, cyaniding 3-o-h-D-gluosude, flavonoids, triterpenoids, oxalic acid.

The fruit is used as a sour taste in various foods and pickles. The fruit is also eaten raw or dipped in salt. The fruit is also used to make salads. Fruit can also be preserved by drying or made into jam. Fruit juice is made into a cooling drink.

Treating coughs, colds, fever, flu, insect bites, mumps, diabetes, overcoming allergies and phlegm, eliminating bad breath (halitosis), rheumatic drugs, canker sores, acne, high blood pressure, and toothache.

The fruit contains high levels of oxalate which causes acute kidney failure as a result of treatment for high cholesterol. The highly acidic fruit is used to clean knives and remove stains. Flowers are commonly used as fabric dyes.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Oxalidales
Family: Oxalidaceae
Genus: Averrhoa L. in Sp. Pl.: 428 (1753)
Species: Averrhoa bilimbi L. in Sp. Pl.: 428 (1753)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Averrhoa bilimbi f. papuana R.Knuth in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 130(Heft 95): 418 (1930)
Averrhoa carambola var. acida E.G.Balf. in Timber Trees, ed. 2.: 41 (1862 publ. 1863)
Averrhoa obtusangula Stokes in Bot. Mat. Med. 2: 542 (1812)

PUBLICATIONS

Barooah, C. & Ahmed, I. (2014). Plant diversity of Assam. A checklist of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms: 1-599. Assam science technology and environment council, India.

Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.

Berendsohn, W.G., Gruber, A.K. & Monterrosa Salomón, J. (2012). Nova Silva Cusatlantica. Árboles natinos e introducidos de El Salvador. Parte 2: Angiospermae - Familias M a P y Pteridophyta. Englera 29-2: 1-300.

Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.

Govaerts, R. (1995). World Checklist of Seed Plants 1(1, 2): 1-483, 529. MIM, Deurne.

Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.

Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590. Smithsonian Institution.

Leti, M., Hul, S., Fouché, J.-G., Cheng, S.K. & David, B. (2013). Flore photographique du Cambodge: 1-589. Éditions Privat, Toulouse.

Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.

Mao, A.A. & Dash, S.S. (2020). Flowering Plants of India an Annotated Checklist (Dicotyledons) 1: 1-970. Botanical Survey of India.

Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.

Nurtjahya, E. & al. (2026). Flowering Plants of Bangka Island: Native and Introduced. Acta Botanica Hungarica 68: 127-156.

Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.

Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Sheppard, C.R.C. & Seaward, M.R.D. (eds.) (1999). Ecology of the Chagos archipelago: 1-350. Westbury Academic & Scientific Publishing, Otley.

Smitinand, T. & Larsen, K. (eds.) (1970-1975). Flora of Thailand 2: 1-484. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.

Tohmé, G. & Tohmé, H. (2007). Illustrated Flora of Lebanon: 1-609. CNRS Publication.

Turner, I.M. (1995 publ. 1997). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 347-655.

Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2008). Flora of China 11: 1-622. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

VERNACULAR NAME

Aceh: Limeng ungkot, Bohlimeng
Arabic: رشدية بيليمبية
Bali: Belimbing wuluh, Blingbing buloh
Banjarmasin: Belimbing tunjuk
Batak: Asom, Balimbingan, Belimbing
Bima: Limbi
Bugis Soppeng: Caleneng
Chinese (simplified): 三敛 - 木胡瓜
Chinese (traditional): 木胡瓜 - 長葉五歛子 - 三棯 - 毛葉楊桃
Czech: Karambola tupá
Dakshina Kannada: ಬಿಂಬುಲಿ
Dutch: Blimbing
English: Bilimbi, Belimbing, Cucumber tree, Tree sorrel, Bilimbi, Orkkaappuli, Cucumber tree, Tree sorre
Filipino: Kamias
Flores: Balimbeng
French: Bilimbi
Gayo: Selemeng
German: Gurkenbaum, Bilimbi
Hakka: Jong Tho Son
Hindi: बिलिम्बी Bilimbi
Hong Kong: 木胡瓜
Indonesian: Belimbing sayur, Belimbing wuluh, Belimbing buluh, Belimbing botol, Belimbing besi, Belimbing asam, Binang
Japanese: キュウリノキ
Java: Blimbing wuluh
Kannada: Bilimbi, Bimbali, Bimbli, Billambi
Karnataka: ಬಿಲಿಂಬಿ
Kasaragod: ಬಿಂಬುಲಿ - ಬೀಂಪುಳಿ
Konkani: Bimbul
Lampung: Balimbing
Lithuanian: Agurkinė averoja
Macao: 木胡瓜
Madura: Bhalingbhing bulu
Makassar: Bainang
Malayalam: Bilibi, Bilimbi, Chemmeenpuli, Chimbili, Irumbampuli, Keerichakka, Pilinchi, Vilimbi, Vilumpi
Malaysia: Belimbing asam
Marathi: Bilambi
Melayu Sambas: Gerinang
Melayu: Belimbing asam
Minangkabau: Balimbieng, Asam Tunjuak
Nias: Malimbi
Palauan: Imekurs, Oterebekii
Palembang: Belembeng wuluh, Besi
Portuguese: Bilimbeiro, Limoeiro-de-caiena, Querbol
Russian: билимби
Sangir: Belerang
Sawu: Libi
Slovak: Egrešovec tupohranatý
Spanish: Mimbro, Vinagrillo
Sunda: Calincing, Balingbing
Tagalog: Kamias
Tamil: புலிமா Pulima
Telugu: Gommareku
Thai: ตะลิงปลิง
Tulu: ಬಿಂಬುಲಿ - ಬೀಂಪುಳಿ
Udupi: ಬೀಂಪುಳಿ

Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Dlium
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