Breadnut (Artocarpus camansi)

Kluwih or breadnut (Artocarpus camansi) is a plant species in Moraceae, a tree with a height of up to 35 meters, cylindrical stem, hard and sturdy, many branches, producing a milky white sticky sap on the surface of the stem and has a growth rate of 0.5-1.5 meters per year.

A. camansi has large, thick and strong leaves, 40-60 cm long, 25-45 cm wide and pinnately pinnate. Male and female flowers occur at the ends of the branches. Each male flower has two anthers and is club-shaped. Thousands of male flowers are grouped together in 3 cm diameter and 25-35 cm long inflorescences.

The fruit is round, thick and spiny skin, weighing 800 g, 16-20 cm long, 8-15 cm wide, greenish-yellow in color and each mature tree produces 600-800 fruits per year. The inside of the fruit is white with a sweet taste and aroma. Each fruit has 12-150 seeds with a mass of 7-10 g per seed.

Kluwih can be found in tropical environments along the lowlands at elevations of 0-1550 meters, on stagnant river banks and in water swamps. Plants do best in an annual temperature range of 15-40C in deep, well-drained soil with neutral to alkaline soil acidity.

Fruit is described as having high nutritional value but is an underutilized food source. Young fruit is usually consumed by cutting it thinly and then boiling it in sub as a vegetable. Often cooked with coconut milk and spices.

The young seeds are roasted, boiled, canned, ground or processed into a paste, butter, flour or oil. The old seeds are blended and added with a little water to mix palm sugar, coconut milk, salt and glutinous rice flour until it thickens and becomes jenang. Roasted fruit flesh and given the spices to be shredded. Wood is used for industrial purposes.

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Rosales
Family: Moraceae
Genus: Artocarpus
Species: Artocarpus camansi

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