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Java apple (Syzygium samarangense)

Dlium Java apple (Syzygium samarangense)

Java apple (Syzygium samarangense) is a species of plant in Myrtaceae, a tropical tree up to 15 meters high, many branches, short trunk, wide but open crown from the bottom of the tree, the bark is bright red gray and easily peels off.

S. samarangense has green leaves, oval, elongated and slender, sharp tip, 10-28 cm long, 5-10 cm wide, aromatic when crushed. The leaves sit opposite and have short stalks.



Flowers are formed in panicles, white to yellowish white, 2.5 cm in diameter, four petals and many stamens. The flowers and fruit produced are not limited to the leaf axils and can appear at almost any point on the surface of the stem and branches.

Edible bell-shaped berries, white or pale green or green or red or purple or dark red or dark purple or black. The fruit is 4-7 cm long and has four fleshy calyx lobes at the end. Thin skin, white and chewy flesh. Each berry houses a spherical shaped seed.

When mature, this tree produces up to 700 fruits in one harvest. Fruit is served as a table fruit which is generally eaten fresh or used as an ingredient in salads. Hard and reddish woods are often used as building materials.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Subfamily: Myrtoideae
Tribe: Syzygieae
Genus: Syzygium Gaertn. in Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 166 (1788)
Species: Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M.Perry in J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 115 (1938)
Cultivar: Klampok, Camplong, Cincalo Semarang, Cincalo abang, Cincalo ijo, Citra Demak, Lilin abang, Lilin ijo

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Eugenia samarangensis (Blume) O.Berg in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 14(1): 646 (1859)
Jambosa samarangensis (Blume) DC. in Prodr. 3: 286 (1828)
Myrtus samarangensis Blume in Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 1084 (1826)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Eugenia alba Roxb. in Fl. Ind., ed. 1832. 2: 493 (1832)
Eugenia javanica var. parviflora Craib in Fl. Siam. 1: 647 (1931)
Eugenia javanica var. roxburghiana Duthie in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: 475 (1878)
Eugenia mindanaensis C.B.Rob. in Philipp. J. Sci., C 4: 363 (1909)
Eugenia suzukii Kaneh. in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 45: 335 (1931)
Jambosa alba (Roxb.) G.Don in Gen. Hist. 2: 868 (1832)
Jambosa ambigua Blume in Mus. Bot. 1: 96 (1850)
Jambosa obtusissima (Blume) DC. (1828)
Jambosa samarangensis var. microcarpa Hassk. in Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. Alt.: 361 (1844)
Jambosa samarangensis var. obtusissima (Blume) Blume (1849)
Jambosa suzukii (Kaneh.) Hosok. in J. Jap. Bot. 16: 545 (1940)
Jambosa timorensis Blume (1850)
Jambosa timorensis var. laxiflora Blume (1849)
Myrtus obtusissima Blume (1826)
Myrtus timorensis Zipp. ex Span. in Linnaea 15: 204 (1841)
Syzygium samarangense var. parviflorum (Craib) Chantar. & J.Parn. in Kew Bull. 48: 609 (1993)

PUBLICATIONS

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.

Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.

Beaman, J.H. & Anderson, C. (2004). The Plants of Mount Kinabalu 5: 1-609. Natural history publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.

Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (2009). Flora Mesoamericana 4(1): 1-855. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.

Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.

Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Govaerts, R., Sobral, N., Ashton, P., Barrie, F., Holst, B.K., Landrum, L.L., Matsumoto, K., Fernanda Mazine, F., Nic Lughadha, E., Proença, C. & al. (2008). World Checklist of Myrtaceae: 1-455. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Karthigeyan, K., Pandey, R.P. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2023). Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2: 1-689. Botanical Survey of India. Ministry of environment, forest and climate change.

Leti, M., Hul, S., Fouché, J.-G., Cheng, S.K. & David, B. (2013). Flore photographique du Cambodge: 1-589. Éditions Privat, Toulouse.

Morat, P. & Veillon, J.-M. (1985). Contributions à la conaissance de la végétation et de la flore de Wallis et Futuna. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Section B, Adansonia 7: 259-329.

Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.

Singh, V., Singh, P. & Dash, S.S. (eds.) (2021). Flora of India 9: 1-482. Botanical Survey of India.

Soh, W.K. & Parnell, J. (2015). A revision of Syzygium Gaertn. (Myrtaceae) in Indochina (Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam). Adansonia, sér. 3, 37: 179-275.

Tuiwawa, S.H., Craven, L.A., Sam, C. & Crisp, M.D. (2013). The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) in Vanuatu. Blumea 58: 53-67.

Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.

Wu, Z., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D. (eds.) (2007). Flora of China 13: 1-548. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

VERNACULAR NAME

Arabic: تفاح جافا
Bunun: Hatnga, Linbu, Pusuh, Tapuzui
Chinese (Simplified): 洋蒲桃 - 莲雾
Chinese (Traditional): 蓮霧
Danish: Javaæble
English: Java apple, Wax apple, Semarang rose-apple, Wax jambu
Filipino: Macopa, Makopa
Finnish: Kellojambolaani
Guangdong: 蓮霧
Hebrew: תפוח ג'וואני
Hindi: जमरूल - अमरूल Jamrul, Amrool
Hong Kong: 蓮霧
Indonesian: Jambu Semarang, Jambu air semarang, Jambu air mawar
Japanese: オオフトモモ - レンブ - ジャワフトモモ
Korean: 자바 사과
Macao: 蓮霧
Malayalam: Paninir champa
Malaysia: Jambu air mawar
Oria: Jamrul
Palauan: Rebotel
Polish: Czapetka samarangijska
Portuguese: Jambeiro-rosa, Jambo-rosa
Russian: Яванское яблоко
Singapura: Jambu air mawar, Java apple, Makopa, Jambu klampok, Chomphu-khieo, Jambu semarang
Sinhala: රට ජම්බු
Slovak: Klinčekovec semaranský
Tagalog: Makopa
Taiwan: 蓮霧
Telugu: Gulaabijaamichettu, Gulabi jamun chettu
Thai: ชมพู่แก้มแหม่ม
Vietnam: Man, Roi

Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
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