Skip to main content

Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana)

Bidara or Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana) is a species of plant in the Rhamnaceae, a small tree, usually crooked, up to 15 meters high, trunk diameter up to 40 cm, branches spreading and often hanging down with branches growing irregularly and often thorny.

Z. mauritiana has supporting leaves in the form of spines, 5-7 mm long, straight or in the form of dimorphic pairs, the second of which is shorter and curved, sometimes without spines. Single leaves sit alternately.

Dlium Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana)


The leaves are egg-shaped or oblong, 2-9 cm long, 1.5-5 cm wide, the upper side is glabrous and shiny, the lower side has whitish hair, the three main veins are clearly visible running parallel. Leaf stalks are 8-15 mm long.

The inflorescences are umbrella-shaped, forked, growing in the leaf axils, 1-2 cm long and have 7-20 flowers. The flowers are 2-3 mm in diameter, yellowish, slightly fragrant and peduncles 3-8 mm long. The petals have 5 spurs and are triangular in shape. The flowers have 5 petals, somewhat spatula-like, concave and curved.



Fruits are round to ovoid, up to 6 cm but mostly much smaller, skin shiny and thin but strong, yellowish or reddish to black when ripe. White flesh with lots of juice and a sour to sweet taste. The seeds are protected in a shell and have irregular grooves, are brown and oval-shaped.

Fruit is bought and sold as fresh fruit to be eaten directly or made into fresh drinks. The fruit is also dried or candied. Young fruits are eaten with salt. Fruit is a source of carotene, vitamins A and C.

The young leaves are used as vegetables and the old leaves are used as animal feed. A decoction of the leaves is drunk as a herbal medicine. The leaves foam like soap when kneaded in water and are used to bathe people with fever. The leaves are also used to bathe corpses.

Leaves are also used to maintain heart health, speed up wound healing, lower cholesterol, improve the digestive system, reduce the risk of diabetes, treat hemorrhoids, treat acne, antibacterial, lose weight, and care for hair. The bark is used to treat digestive disorders, as a medicine for stomach, stomach, intestinal and as a tonic. Root bark to treat urinary pain and bleeding.

Reddish colored wood, smooth texture, hard and durable. Wood is used for household utensils, ax handles, construction, furniture, cupboards, packing crates, veneer and plywood. Wood has a specific gravity of 0.54-1.08. The heartwood has a yellow-brown or pale red or brown to dark brown color. This wood dries well, but sometimes breaks a little. Good quality firewood with calories of 4,900 kcal/kg. Bark and bidara fruit are also used as dyes. These materials produce tannins and a reddish-brown or grayish coloring.

This species grows in areas with clear dry seasons, hot and rich in sun, but also experiences adequate rainy seasons to grow twigs, leaves and flowers, and maintain soil moisture during fruit production. Grows with rainfall of 300-500 mm/year and elevations of up to 1000 meters.

This tree is easy to adapt and often grows wild on land that is poorly maintained and on the side of the road. Grows in various types of soil including laterite, well-drained black soil, sandy soil, clay, alluvial soil along river flows.

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Rosales
Family: Rhamnaceae
Tribe: Paliureae
Genus: Ziziphus
Species: Ziziphus mauritiana
Variety: Ziziphus mauritiana var. pubescens

Popular Posts

Blood lily (Scadoxus multiflorus)

Blood lily or Haemanthus multiflorus ( Scadoxus multiflorus ) is a species of plant in the Amaryllidaceae, a bulbous shrub that produces rhizomes. Leaves and flowers may appear together or leaves may be produced later. The base of the leaves and stems are tightly wrapped to form a pseudo-stem or false stem, 5-60 cm long. Flowers in umbels at the top of the stem, leafless, 12-75 cm long. Pseudostems and scapes are often covered with reddish brown to dark purple spots. The flower umbel is in the shape of a globe with 10-200 individual flowers. Each flower has a stalk, 15-45 mm long. The tepals and filaments of the stamens are red. The base of the tepals is fused to form a cylindrical tube, 4-26 mm long, the free end of the tepals 12-32 mm long, narrow and spreading. The fruit is a berry having a diameter of 5-10 mm. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Liliopsida Order: Asparagales Family: Amaryllidaceae Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae Tribe: Haemantheae Ge...

Indian rosewood (Dalbergia latifolia)

Sonokeling or Java palisandre or Indian rosewood ( Dalbergia latifolia ) is a species of plant in the Fabaceae, a large tree producing hardwood, medium weight and high quality, rounded leaves, thin and broad pods, highly adaptive, grows in dry and rocky landscapes with lots of sunlight. D. latifolia has medium to large size, cylindrical stems, up to 40 m high with a ring of up to 2 m, the bark is brownish gray and slightly cracked longitudinally. The crown is dense, dome-shaped and sheds leaves. The leaves are compound and pinnate oddly with 5-7 strands that have different sizes and appear alternately on the shaft. The leaves are round or elongated in width or heart, the upper surface is green and the surface is pale green. The flowers are small, 0.5-1 cm long and clustered in panicles. The pods are green to brown when ripe and are elongated lanceolate, pointed at the base and tip. The pods have 1-4 seeds which are soft and brownish. Indian rosewood grows at elevations below 600 m,...

Plumeria rubra and Plumeria obtusa, the differences

SPECIES HEAD TO HEAD - The genus frangipani trees ( Plumeria Tourn. ex L.) has only 18 officially recorded species and two very similar species, frangipani ( Plumeria rubra L.) and white frangipani ( Plumeria obtusa L.). Both have the same habitus, flowers and fruits and are difficult to distinguish. The leaves of both species have slightly different shapes. Therefore, the leaves are very important to distinguish the two species, especially the shape of the tip. P. rubra has simple, lanceolate leaves with acute tips. P. obtusa has simple, elliptic leaves with rounded tips. By Aryo Bandoro Founder of Dlium.com . You can follow him on X: @Abandoro . Read more: Plumeria rubra Plumeria obtusa