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Golden leather fern (Acrostichum aureum)

Dlium Golden leather fern (Acrostichum aureum)

Golden leather fern (Acrostichum aureum) is a species of plant in the Pteridaceae, an upright shrub, grows in large clumps and forms round plots, 2 meters high, stems short and stocky, fibrous, covered with large scales and brownish or pale in color with a black center line.

A. aureum has compound, pinnate, leather-like leaves and is up to 3 meters long. The minor leaves are narrow oval to elliptical, blunt or rounded at the base, blunt at the tip, mucronate, 24-30 pairs, irregularly seated and sometimes loose, dark green, erect or curved.



Several pairs (5 pairs or more) of minor leaves at the tip are often fertile and rusty or brownish in color, with the underside covered by many large sporangia. Sterile leaves sit on the bottom, are longer, have blunt or rounded tips and a short, small tip protrusion.

This species grows in tropical and subtropical areas, damp lowlands, coastal areas, open mudflats, brackish swamps, mangrove forests, tidal streams and grows well in full sun.

Plants contain beta-sitosterol, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, catechins, saponins, tannins, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, amygdalin, arbutin, formic acid, oxalic acid, five phytosterols (stigmasterol, y-sitosterol, campesterol, cycloartanol, and 24- methylene cycloartanol), 2 sesquiterpenes ((2R,3S)-sulfated pterosin C, (2S,3S)-sulfated pterosin C), as well as 2 derivatives ((2S,3S)-pterosin C and (2R)-pterosin P).

Often used to treat poultices for wounds and boils, snake bites, syphilis ulcers, sore throats, chest pain, elephantiasis, constipation, diabetes, cloudy urine in women, fever reducers, worm medicine, stops bleeding and is an emollient.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Class: Polypodiopsida
Subclass: Polypodiidae
Order: Polypodiales
Suborder: Pteridineae
Family: Pteridaceae
Subfamily: Ceratopteridoideae
Genus: Acrostichum L. in Sp. Pl.: 1067 (1753)
Species: Acrostichum aureum L. in Sp. Pl.: 1069 (1753)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Chrysodium aureum (L.) Mett. in Fil. Hort. Bot. Lips.: 21 (1856)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Lomaria rinconii Trevis. in Atti Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. Lett. Arti, n.s., 2: 166 (1851)
Aspidium emarginatum Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 5: 235 (1810)
Polystichum dissimulans Maxon in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 13: 31 (1909)
Polystichum emarginatum (Willd.) T.Moore in Index Fil.: 91 (1858)
Acrostichum aureum f. cristata Hahne in Fern Bull. 12: 118 (1904)
Acrostichum aureum var. hirsutum (Fée) T.Moore in Index Fil.: 6 (1857)
Acrostichum aureum var. marginatum (Schkuhr) T.Moore (1857)
Acrostichum cayennense C.Presl in Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 6: 181 (1851)
Acrostichum crassifolium Wall. in Tent. Pterid.: 241 (1836)
Acrostichum emarginatum Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. in Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 4: 480 (1844)
Acrostichum fasciculatum (E.Fourn.) C.Chr. in Index Filic.: 9 (1905)
Acrostichum formosum C.Presl in J.S.Presl & C.B.Presl, Delic. Prag.: 160 (1822)
Acrostichum guineense Gand. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 305 (1920)
Acrostichum inaequale Willd. (1810)
Acrostichum juglandifolium Kaulf. in Enum. Filic.: 65 (1824)
Acrostichum marginatum Schkuhr in Deutschl. Krypt. Gew. 1: 185 (1809)
Acrostichum obliquum Blume in Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 101 (1828)
Acrostichum rigens C.Presl (1851)
Acrostichum scalpturatum C.Presl (1851)
Acrostichum spectabile Zoll. in Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip. 1: 33 (1854)
Acrostichum wightianum C.Presl in Tent. Pterid.: 241 (1836)
Chrysodium cayennense Fée in Mém. Foug., 2. Hist. Acrostich.: 1 (1845)
Chrysodium fasciculatum E.Fourn. in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 5, 18: 272 (1873)
Chrysodium hirsutum Fée (1845)
Chrysodium inaequale (Willd.) Fée (1845)
Chrysodium scalpturatum Fée (1845)
Chrysodium speciosum Fée (1845)
Chrysodium vulgare Fée (1845)
Chrysodium vulgare var. minus Fée (1845)
Chrysodium vulgare var. rigens Fée (1845)

PUBLICATIONS

Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.

Caminho, J., Mutemba, L., Matusse, E., Osborne, J., Wursten, B., Burrows, J., Cianciullo, S., Malatesta, L. & Attorre, F. (2022). An updated checklist of Mozambique’s vascular plants. PhytoKeys 189: 61-80.

Chang, C.-S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2021). Checklist of Far East Asian Vascular Flora 1: 1-626. EABCN, Seoul.

Collenette, S. (1999). Wildflowers of Saudi Arabia: 1-799. National commission for wildlife conservation and development (NCWCD), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Ebihara, A. (2016). The standard of ferns and lycophytes in Japan. Nihonsan shida shokubutsu hyojun zukan 1: 1-475. Gakken Plus, Tokyo.

Fraser-Jenkins, C.R. & al. (2017). An Annotated Checklist of Indian Pteridophytes 1: 1-562. Dehra Dun : BSMPS.

Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].

Hsu, T.C., Chen, C.W., Knapp, R. & Hung, H.C. (2019). Ferns and Lycophytes I. The illustrated flora of Taiwan. Tai wan yuan sheng zhi wu quan tu jian 8(1): 1-448. Tai bei shi : Mao tou ying chu ban : Jia ting chuan mei cheng bang fen gong si fa xing.

Meyer, J.-Y. (2017). Guide des plantes de Wallis et Futuna: 1-486. Au vent des iles, editions, Tahiti.

Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.

Roskov Y. & al. (eds.) (2018). World Ferns: Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands.

Velázquez Montes, E. (2018). Flora de Guerrero 82: 1-230. Facultade de Ciencias, UNAM.

VERNACULAR NAME

Austria: Goldener Mangrovenfarn
Chinese (simplified): 卤蕨
Chinese (traditional): 鹵蕨
Czech: Prašnatec zlatý
Dominican Republic: Helecho de manglar
English: Golden Leather Fern, Coast Leather Fern, Swamp Fern, Mangrove Fern
German: Goldener Mangrovenfarn
Halmahera: Rewayang
Indonesian: Paku Laut
Japanese: イヌアミシダ - ミミモチシダ
Java: Warakas, Krakas, Kakakeok
Konkani: आंकूर
Malay: Paku larat, Papah, Piai, Piai raya
Palauan: okkuam
Polish: Nagółka jarzębolistna
Russian: Акростихум золотистый
Slovak: Kožatka zlatá
Spanish: Helecho de manglar
Sunda: Paku hata diuk
Thai: ปรงทอง - ปรงไข่ - ปรงทะเล

Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Dlium
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