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Ravan's mustache (Spinifex littoreus)

Dlium Ravan's mustache (Spinifex littoreus)

Ravan's mustache (Spinifex littoreus) is a species of plant in the Poaceae, a perennial grass, strong, forming dense colonies with long, creeping shoots, cylindrical stems, 40-80 cm long, hard texture, sturdy with many nodes and spiny leaves.

S. littoreus grows in sand dunes, high salinity and arid ecosystems. This grass has fast growth and has an important role as an efficient sand binder with a deep root system to stabilize sand movement, withstand storms, winds and tides with the formation of changing sand dunes. These plants help protect beaches from wind erosion and abrasion.



TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Panicoideae
Tribe: Paniceae
Subtribe: Cenchrinae
Genus: Spinifex L. in Mant. Pl. 2: 163 (1771)
Species: Spinifex littoreus (Burm.f.) Merr. in Philipp. J. Sci., C 7: 229 (1912)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Stipa littorea Burm.f. in Fl. Indica: 29 (1768)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Spinifex dioicus Buch.-Ham. ex Dillwyn in Rev. Hortus Malab.: 69 (1839)
Spinifex elegans Buse in W.H.de Vriese, Pl. Ind. Bat. Orient.: 113 (1857)
Spinifex squarrosus L. in Mant. Pl. 2: 300 (1771)
Stipa spinifex L. in Mant. Pl. 1: 84 (1767)
Triticum proliferum Reinw. ex Buse in W.H.de Vriese, Pl. Ind. Bat. Orient.: 113 (1857)

PUBLICATIONS

Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Dassanayake (ed.) (1994). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 8: 1-458. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.

George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.

Gilliland, H.B. (1971). A revised flora of Malaya 3: 1-319. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Singapore.

Henty, E.E. (1969). A manual of the grasses of New Guinea: 1-215. Division of Botany, Dpt. of Forests, LAE, New Guinea.

Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2020). Flora of Japan IVa: 1-430. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.

Karthikeyan, S., Jain, S.K., Nayar, M.P. & Sanjappa, M. (1989). Florae Indicae Enumeratio: Monocotyledonae: 1-435. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.

Koyama, T. (1987). Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions: an identification manual: 1-570. Kodansha, Tokyo, Japan.

Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590.

Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.

Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Turner, I.M. (1995 publ. 1997). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 347-655.

Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae. Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

VERNACULAR NAME

Bengali: রাবানেরা গোম্ফা Rabanera gompha
Chinese (simplified): 鬣刺 - 滨刺草
Chinese (traditional): 濱刺草 - 濱刺麥 - 鬣刺
English: Ravan's Mustache
Filipino: Tumatakbong damo
Gujarati: Ravan-Ni Mooch
Hindi: रावण की मूंछें Raavan kee moonchhen
Hong Kong: 鬣刺
Indonesian: Rumput lari-lari, Rumput angin, Rumput gulung, Kumis rahwana
Japanese: ツキイゲ
Java: Suket gulung, Jantran, Ketranan, Tikusan
Kannada: Raavanana Meese Ravanna meese, Hullu
Konkani: Saramto
Madura: Rebba angin
Malayalam: Elimullu, Koorumullu, Koorupullu, Padakapullu, Ravana-meesa
Malaysia: Rumput bebaling, Rumput berlari
Marathi: Kolanti Tan, Ravanachi Mishi
Oriya: Barda Kanka, Rabaneswara Dardhi
Russian: Спинифекс прибрежный
Sunda: Jukut tiyara, Jukut jongkrang
Taiwan: 濱刺草
Tamil: இரவணன்-மிச்சை - இரவணன்-புல் - எலி-கே-குச்சி-பி-புல் Iravanan-Michai, Iravanan-Pul, Eli-K-Kucci-P-Pul
Telugu: Gutti-Romalu-Gaddi, Ravansura meesalu, Ravanasuruni-Misalu
Thai: หนวดราวัน - หญ้าลอยลม
Vietnam: Cỏ mọc

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