Skip to main content

Island golden saxifrage (Chrysosplenium insularis) in Saxifragaceae from southern islands of South Korea

Island golden saxifrage (Chrysosplenium insularis) in Saxifragaceae from southern islands of South Korea

NEWS - Island golden saxifrage (Chrysosplenium insularis sp. nov.) in the Saxifragaceae from the southern islands of the Republic of Korea is morphologically similar to Chrysosplenium japonicum (Maxim.), differing in that it has fairly persistent bulbils, green to yellowish-green sepals, 4 stamens and cylindrical papillose seeds.

Chrysosplenium L. is a perennial herbaceous member of the Saxifragaceae comprising over 70 species, mostly distributed in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere and shaded and moist habitats in mountains. Biogeographically, Chrysosplenium is known to originate from East Asia and several independent lineages have migrated to the New World.

Thirteen species of Chrysosplenium are recognized on the Korean Peninsula (C. flaviflorum, C. epigealum, C. ramosissimum, C. valdepilosum, C. aureobracteatum, C. barbatum, C. ramosum, C. grayanum, C. sinicum, C. macrostemon, C. japonicum, C. serreanum and C. flagelliferum).

During a floristic survey in southern Korea in March 2020, researchers discovered a new species restricted to the southern Korean islands that flowers and fruits from March to May.

Distribution South Korean coastal areas (Jeju-do and Gageo-do Islands). Forests, wet places in forests and shaded places on riverbanks. The specific epithet “insularis” refers to the distribution on the islands. The local name is island golden saxifrage: Seom-gwaeng-i-nun (섬괭이눈).

C. insularis is a perennial herb, hermaphroditic, 5–15 cm tall. Bulbils present near stem base, fairly persistent, pink, turning darkish brown, pilose. Roots fibrous, white. Stems erect, cespitose, light green to green, sparsely hairy, without stolons.

Basal leaves of flowering stems 1–6, opposite, simple, estipulate; petiole 3–9 cm long, glabrescent or sparsely hairy; blade reniform, 13–20 mm × 15–25 mm, apex rounded and often retuse, margins dentate to crenate, 13–17 teeth, base cordate, adaxially green, pilose, abaxially pale green, subglabrous.

Cauline leaves of flowering stems 1–4, alternate, simple, estipulate; petiole 5–22 mm long, glabrescent or sparsely hairy; blade flabellate to reniform, 7–12 mm × 11–18 mm, apex retuse and often rounded or obtuse, margins dentate to crenate, 9–13 teeth, base cordate to broadly cuneate, adaxially green, pilose, abaxially pale green, subglabrous.

Inflorescences terminal, 6–14 flowered cymes, surrounded by leaf-like bracts; peduncles 4.59–18.54 mm long; pedicels 0.5–1.5 mm long, sparsely pilose; bracteal leaves by inflorescence 3, petiole 0.2–4.7 mm long, glabrescent or sparsely hairy; blade subflabellate to orbicular, 2–18 × 2–14 mm, apex truncate and often retuse, margins dentate to crenate, 5–9 teeth, base broadly cuneate to subcordate, adaxially green, sparsely pilose to glabrescent, abaxially pale green, subglabrous.

Flowers 4-merous, actinomorphic; sepals petaloid 4, free, erect to subspreading, ovate to broadly ovate, 1.2–2.1 × 1.5–3.1 mm, apex obtuse or rounded, yellowish green to green, glabrous; stamens 4; filaments narrow conical, 0.3–0.4 mm long; anthers 0.2 mm long, yellow; pistil 2-carpellate, semi-inferior; 1-locular ovary; styles 2, free, erect, 0.2–0.3 mm long; stigma round; disc present.

Capsules 2-lobed, horn-shaped, lobes subequal, 2.8–3.7 × 3.8–5.2 mm long, green, glabrous, dehiscent along the adaxial suture. Seeds numerous, ovoid-ellipsoid, 0.7–0.9 × 0.5–0.6 mm, brown to dark brown, cylindrical papillose on smooth surfaces.

Among the species distributed in Korea, C. insularis is morphologically similar to C. japonicum in terms of leaf arrangement, leaf margins and bractal color. However, clear differences are seen in the bulbil shape (present, fairly persistent vs. present].

Bracteal leaf surface (adaxial sparsely hairy to glabrous, abaxial subglabrous vs. mostly glabrous), sepal color (green to yellowish green vs. yellowish green to yellow), number of stamens (4 vs. usually 8) and seed surface (cylindrical papillose vs. papillose).

The new species is morphologically similar to C. alternifolium distributed in northern Eurasia, differing in stolons (absent vs. present), bract color (green vs. yellow), sepal color (green to yellowish green vs. golden yellow), number of stamens (4 vs. 8) and seed surface (cylindrical papillose vs. smooth).

Original research

Jang JE, Park BK, Lee K-H, Kim H-J, Gil H-Y (2024). Description and phylogenetic position of a new species, Chrysosplenium insularis J.E.Jang, K.H.Lee & H.Y.Gil (Saxifragaceae), from the southern islands of South Korea. PhytoKeys 248: 91-104, DOI:10.3897/phytokeys.248.131291

Dlium theDlium
Labels:

Popular Posts

Liverwort (Marchantia)

Liverwort ( Marchantia ) is a genus of plants in the Marchantiaceae, growing vines and attached to the soil surface, soft, dark green, upright phallus like a cup, grows in colonies on slopes and vertical soil that is moist and shady. Marchantia has elongated strands, rounded ends, branched, flat margins and a black vein in the middle. The strands formed a circular formation, growing widely and forming new formations around it. Sexual reproduction involves sperm from antheridia in male plants to fertilize ova in archegonia in female plants. The zygote develops into a small sporophyte which remains attached to the larger gametophyte. The sporophyte produces spores which develop into free-living male and female gametophytes. Asexual reproduction via gemmae in the cup-like structures on the upper surface of the plant. Asexual reproduction can also occur when older plant parts die and new, surviving branches develop into separate plants. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Marchantiophyta Class: ...
Read more

Black potato (Coleus rotundifolius)

Black potato ( Coleus rotundifolius ) is a species of plant in Lamiaceae, herbaceous, fibrous roots and tubers, erect and slightly creeping stems, quadrangular, thick, and slightly odorous. Single leaves, thick, membranous, opposite and alternate. Leaves are oval, dark green and shiny on the upper side, bright green on the lower side. Up to 5 cm long, up to 4 cm wide, slightly hairy and pinnate leaf veins. Leaf stalks up to 4 cm long. Small, purple flowers. Star-shaped petals, lip-shaped crown, dark to light purple with a slightly curved tube shape. Flowering from February-August. Small tubers, brown and white flesh and tuber length 2-4 cm. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Lamiales Family: Lamiaceae Subfamily: Nepetoideae Tribe: Ocimeae Subtribe: Plectranthinae Genus: Coleus Species: Coleus rotundifolius
Read more

Wild durian (Cullenia exarillata)

Wild durian ( Cullenia exarillata ) is a species of plant in the Malvaceae, a tall tree with smooth, greyish-white bark, peeling on older trees, a straight trunk, horizontal branches and often with a series of knob-like tubercles for flower and fruit attachment. C. exarillata has young branches and the underside of the leaves is covered with golden brown peltate or shield-like scales. The leaves are single, alternate, glabrous, glossy green on the upper side and covered with silvery or orange peltate scales on the underside. Hermaphroditic flowers are tubular and also covered with golden brown scales, 4-5 cm long and cream or reddish brown in color. Flowers have no petals, formed of tubular bracteoles and tubular calyxes, 5-lobed. Fruit is round, 10-13 cm in diameter, covered with thorns and clustered along the branches. Many seeds, reddish brown, 4-5 cm long and 2-3 cm wide. The seeds are enclosed by a fleshy, whitish aril. The fruit splits open when ripe and dries to release the s...
Read more